Occurrence and toxicity mechanisms of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) in fish,Chemosphere

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Occurrence and toxicity mechanisms of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) in fish
Chemosphere ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140815
Emma Ivantsova ₁ , Austin Lu ₂ , Christopher J Martyniuk ₃

Affiliation

Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) are short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) ubiquitous in the environment. Here we review data on the presence and toxicity mechanisms of PFBA and PFBS in fish. We aimed to (1) synthesize data on physiological systems perturbed by PFBA or PFBS; (2) determine whether toxicity studies use concentrations reported in aquatic ecosystems and fish tissues; (3) conduct a computational toxicity assessment to elucidate putative mechanisms of PFBA and PFBS-induced toxicity. PFBA and PFBS are reported in the low ng/L in aquatic systems, and both substances are present in tissues of several fish including carp, bass, tilapia, and drum species. Evidence supports toxicity effects on several organ systems, including the cardiac, immune, hepatic, and reproductive system. Multigenerational effects in fish have also been documented for these smaller chain PFAS. To further elucidate mechanisms of reproductive impairment, we conducted molecular docking to evaluate chemical interactions with several fish estrogen receptors, specifically zebrafish, fathead minnow, and Atlantic salmon. PFBS showed higher binding affinity for fish estrogen receptors relative to PFBA. Computational analysis also pointed to effects on lipids “Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia”, “Lipogenesis Regulation in Adipocyte”, and estrogen-related processes. Based on our review, most data for PFBA and PFBS are gathered for concentrations outside environmental relevance, limiting our understanding of their environment impacts. At the time of this review, there is relatively more toxicity data available for PFBS relative to PFBA in fish. This review synthesizes data on environmental levels and toxicology endpoints for PFBA and PFBS in fish to guide future investigations and endpoint assessments.

中文翻译：

全氟丁酸（PFBA）和全氟丁磺酸（PFBS）在鱼类中的存在及毒性机制

全氟丁酸（PFBA）和全氟丁磺酸（PFBS）是环境中普遍存在的短链全氟烷基物质（PFAS）。在这里，我们回顾了有关鱼类中 PFBA 和 PFBS 的存在及其毒性机制的数据。我们的目标是 (1) 综合受 PFBA 或 PFBS 扰动的生理系统的数据； (2) 确定毒性研究是否使用水生生态系统和鱼类组织中报告的浓度； (3) 进行计算毒性评估，以阐明 PFBA 和 PFBS 诱导毒性的假定机制。据报告，水生系统中的 PFBA 和 PFBS 含量较低，这两种物质都存在于鲤鱼、鲈鱼、罗非鱼和石首鱼等多种鱼类的组织中。有证据支持对多个器官系统的毒性作用，包括心脏、免疫、肝脏和生殖系统。这些较小链的 PFAS 对鱼类的多代影响也已被记录。为了进一步阐明生殖障碍的机制，我们进行了分子对接，以评估与几种鱼类雌激素受体（特别是斑马鱼、黑头鱼和大西洋鲑鱼）的化学相互作用。相对于 PFBA，PFBS 对鱼类雌激素受体具有更高的结合亲和力。计算分析还指出了对脂质“脂肪细胞肥大和增生”、“脂肪细胞脂肪生成调节”以及雌激素相关过程的影响。根据我们的审查，PFBA 和 PFBS 的大多数数据都是针对环境相关性之外的浓度收集的，这限制了我们对其环境影响的了解。截至本次审查时，相对于 PFBA，PFBS 对鱼类的毒性数据相对较多。本综述综合了鱼类中 PFBA 和 PFBS 的环境水平和毒理学终点数据，以指导未来的调查和终点评估。

更新日期：2023-11-29

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