The pressing need to enhance nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in fertilizers has become increasingly urgent in light of food insecurity and climate-related issues. Nanotechnology offers promising prospects for the development of effective and environmentally friendly alternatives in the field of fertilization. This review focuses on the impact of nanotechnology on conventional fertilizers, encompassing inorganic, organic, and microbial approaches. We emphasize the superior attributes of nano-fertilizers compared with their conventional counterparts and explore their potential and versatility in boosting crop productivity, reducing fertilizer expenses, and mitigating detrimental environmental impacts. In conclusion, given the significant challenges posed by food insecurity and climate change, the application of nano-fertilizers demonstrates immense potential for advancing sustainable and intelligent agricultural practices.

鉴于粮食不安全和气候相关问题，提高肥料养分利用效率（NUE）的迫切需要变得越来越紧迫。纳米技术为施肥领域开发有效且环保的替代品提供了广阔的前景。本综述重点关注纳米技术对传统肥料的影响，包括无机、有机和微生物方法。我们强调纳米肥料与传统肥料相比的优越属性，并探索其在提高作物生产力、减少化肥费用和减轻有害环境影响方面的潜力和多功能性。总之，鉴于粮食不安全和气候变化带来的重大挑战，纳米肥料的应用显示出推进可持续和智能农业实践的巨大潜力。