Obesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2), and COVID-19 show mutual interactions because they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how preexisting metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacerbate COVID-19 severity. We also summarize the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the key organs and tissues orchestrating energy metabolism, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Last, we provide an integrative view of the metabolic derangements that occur during COVID-19. Altogether, this review allows for better understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring when a fire starts from a small flame, and thereby help reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病、能量代谢和 COVID-19。


肥胖、糖尿病（主要是 2 型）和 COVID-19 表现出相互作用，因为它们不仅是急性和慢性 COVID-19 表现的危险因素，而且还因为 COVID-19 改变了能量代谢。这种代谢改变可能导致血糖异常和长期影响。因此，COVID-19 大流行有可能进一步加剧糖尿病大流行。这篇综述概述了先前存在的代谢改变（从过多的内脏脂肪组织到高血糖和明显的糖尿病）如何可能加剧 COVID-19 的严重程度。我们还总结了 SARS-CoV-2 感染对协调能量代谢的关键器官和组织的不同影响，包括脂肪组织、肝脏、骨骼肌和胰腺。最后，我们提供了对 COVID-19 期间发生的代谢紊乱的综合看法。总而言之，本综述可以更好地了解小火起火时发生的代谢紊乱，从而有助于减少 COVID-19 大流行的影响。