This article presents the results of a study measuring possible overblocking due to copyright moderation and changes in the diversity of cultural products supply on YouTube in two European Union (EU) member states comparable in size and population, Germany and France. Both have adopted Article 17 of the EU Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive (CDSMD) but Germany was 5 months ahead of France in changing its legislative regime for large social media platforms and copyright content moderation. The article assesses how content takedowns that were likely connected to copyright differed in these two countries and how this might have been influenced by the greater copyright moderation linked to the implementation of Article 17 of the CDSMD. Furthermore, the cultural supply diversity according to genre on YouTube was examined by applying Stirling's model of diversity and using a dual-concept diversity index. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure predicted changes to overblocking and possible changes in cultural diversity on YouTube's infrastructure since the new copyright rules came into force in the EU. The findings show that during the period examined, 2019–2022, significant differences were identified between Germany and France in terms of the takedowns of videos from categories prone to copyright moderation. In addition, the content-level supply of cultural products diversity, measured by genre (channel categories), number of videos, and subscribers, decreased in YouTube's available content in both countries but more so in Germany than in France. The study also makes a methodological contribution to the field of content moderation by reusing previously collected data to explore YouTube's infrastructure and cultural diversity within the framework of media economics. Platforms' content moderation practices and the potential impacts they have on cultural diversity are notoriously difficult to study, and this research establishes new methodological frameworks for further exploration.

中文翻译：

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强制超限？了解欧盟第 17 条对 YouTube 上版权内容审核的影响

本文介绍了一项研究的结果，该研究衡量了在两个面积和人口相当的欧盟 (EU) 成员国（德国和法国）中，由于版权审核和 YouTube 上文化产品供应多样性的变化而可能出现的过度屏蔽。两国都采用了欧盟数字单一市场版权（CDSM）指令（CDSMD）第17条，但德国在改变大型社交媒体平台和版权内容审核的立法制度方面比法国领先5个月。本文评估了这两个国家可能与版权相关的内容删除有何不同，以及与实施 CDSMD 第 17 条相关的更大的版权审核可能如何影响这种情况。此外，通过应用斯特林多样性模型并使用双概念多样性指数来检查 YouTube 上不同类型的文化供应多样性。据作者所知，这是自欧盟新版权规则生效以来首次尝试衡量 YouTube 基础设施上过度屏蔽的预测变化以及文化多样性可能发生的变化。调查结果显示，在 2019 年至 2022 年期间，德国和法国在从容易受到版权审核的类别中删除视频方面存在显着差异。此外，在两国的 YouTube 可用内容中，以流派（频道类别）、视频数量和订阅者衡量的文化产品多样性的内容层面供应均有所下降，但德国的下降幅度大于法国。该研究还通过重复使用之前收集的数据在媒体经济学框架内探索 YouTube 的基础设施和文化多样性，对内容审核领域做出了方法论贡献。众所周知，平台的内容审核实践及其对文化多样性的潜在影响很难研究，本研究为进一步探索建立了新的方法论框架。