The new, developing bureaucratic procedures in the nineteenth century had wide-ranging influence over the Ottoman ulema in such areas as professionalization, performance evaluations, examinations f...

中文翻译：

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乌里玛对 Ilmiye 职位的任命机制


19 世纪新出现的、不断发展的官僚程序在职业化、绩效评估、考试等方面对奥斯曼乌里玛产生了广泛的影响。