Given the far-reaching effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to investigate how executive function (EF) assessments were impacted by changes in measurement protocols, context, and timing due to the pandemic. The present study used data from two projects. The first project occurred prior to the pandemic (N = 244, 44.67% female; Mage = 44.27 months) with teacher ratings and objective EF measures collected in the spring of preschool, fall of prekindergarten (pre-K), and spring of pre-K. The second study was comprised of two cohorts, a transition cohort (i.e., Fall 2019 to Fall/Winter 2020) and a post-COVID lockdown cohort (i.e., Fall 2020 to Fall/Winter 2021). For both cohorts, data were collected in the fall of pre-K, spring of pre-K, and fall/winter of kindergarten (N = 130, 46.2% female, Mage = 44.84 months). Aims included: (1) evaluating the measurement characteristics of a virtual assessment of EF, (2) examining cohort differences in teacher and objective EF measures, (3) testing longitudinal mean-level change in EF, and (4) evaluating associations between COVID impact and change in EF. Teachers reported a marginal decrease in EF for the transition cohort and no change in the post-COVID cohort, whereas objective measurements demonstrated the expected increase in EF. Child and family COVID-19 impact emerged as risk factors for reduced EF for the transition cohort but not the post-COVID cohort. Overall, this study provides novel evidence that the timing and type of EF assessment differentially impacted estimates of children's EF. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行和学龄前儿童执行功能的测量。


鉴于 COVID-19 大流行的深远影响，调查大流行导致的测量方案、背景和时间变化如何影响执行功能 (EF) 评估非常重要。本研究使用了两个项目的数据。第一个项目发生在大流行之前（N = 244，44.67% 女性；Mage = 44.27 个月），在学前班春季、学前班秋季（学前班）和学前班春季收集教师评分和客观 EF 衡量标准。 K.第二项研究由两个队列组成，一个是过渡队列（即 2019 年秋季至 2020 年秋季/冬季），另一个是新冠疫情封锁后队列（即 2020 年秋季至 2021 年秋季/冬季）。对于这两个队列，数据均在学前班秋季、学前班春季和幼儿园秋季/冬季收集（N = 130，46.2% 女性，Mage = 44.84 个月）。目的包括：(1) 评估 EF 虚拟评估的测量特征，(2) 检查教师和客观 EF 测量的队列差异，(3) 测试 EF 的纵向平均水平变化，以及 (4) 评估 COVID 之间的关联EF 的影响和变化。教师报告称，过渡群体的 EF 略有下降，而新冠疫情后群体的 EF 没有变化，而客观测量表明 EF 的预期增加。儿童和家庭的 COVID-19 影响成为过渡人群 EF 降低的危险因素，但在新冠肺炎后人群中则不然。总体而言，这项研究提供了新的证据，表明 EF 评估的时间和类型对儿童 EF 的估计有不同的影响。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。