Within human-influenced landscapes, pesticides cooccur with a variety of antibiotic stressors. However, the relationship between pesticides removal process and antibiotic resistance gene variation are not well understood. This study explored pesticide (topramezone, TPZ) and antibiotic (polymyxin E, PME) co-contamination using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), bacterial-16 S rRNA sequencing and high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR) in a soil-earthworm-maize system. After incubating soil for 28 days with TPZ and PME (10 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight), earthworm weight-gain, mortality rates, and maize plant weight-gain only differed slightly, but height-gain significantly decreased. PME significantly increased TPZ-removal in the soil. Accumulation of TPZ in earthworm's tissues may pose potential risks in the food chain. Combined pollution altered the microbial community structure and increased the abundance of functional microorganisms involved in aromatic compound degradation. Furthermore, maize rhizosphere can raise resistance genes, however earthworms can reduce resistance genes. Co-contamination increased absolute abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bulk-soil samples, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in skin samples and number of ARGs in bulk-soil samples, while decreased absolute abundance of transposase gene in bulk-soil samples and number of ARGs in rhizosphere-soil samples. Potential hosts harbouring ARGs may be associated with the antagonistic effect during resistance and detoxification of TPZ and PMB co-occurrence. These findings provide insights into the mechanism underlining pesticide removal regarding occurrence of ARGs in maize agroecosystem.

在受人类影响的景观中，农药与各种抗生素应激源同时出现。然而，农药去除过程与抗生素抗性基因变异之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究利用液相色谱-串联质谱 (LC-MS/MS)、细菌 16 S rRNA 测序和高通量定量聚合酶链式反应探讨了农药（topramezone、TPZ）和抗生素（多粘菌素 E、PME）共同污染。 HT-qPCR）在土壤-蚯蚓-玉米系统中的应用。用TPZ和PME（10 mg kg ^-1干重）在土壤中培养28天后，蚯蚓增重、死亡率和玉米植株增重仅略有不同，但增重显着下降。 PME 显着增加了土壤中 TPZ 的去除。 TPZ在蚯蚓组织中的积累可能对食物链造成潜在风险。复合污染改变了微生物群落结构，增加了参与芳香族化合物降解的功能微生物的丰度。此外，玉米根际可以增加抗性基因，而蚯蚓可以减少抗性基因。共污染增加了大块土壤样品中移动遗传元件（MGE）、皮肤样品中抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和大块土壤样品中ARG数量的绝对丰度，同时降低了大块土壤样品中转座酶基因的绝对丰度以及根际土壤样品中 ARG 的数量。携带ARGs的潜在宿主可能与TPZ和PMB共现时的抗性和解毒过程中的拮抗作用有关。这些发现为玉米农业生态系统中 ARG 发生的农药去除机制提供了见解。