This article estimates commuters’ scheduling utility function, which comprises the disutility of arriving at work earlier or later than desired (namely, the schedule-delay cost) and the disutility of travel time. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between the schedule delay and the travel time is about 0.85, meaning that commuters are willing to accept an extra schedule delay of about 1.2 time units (the reciprocal of 0.85) to reduce their travel time by 1 unit. For most travelers, the slope of the travel-time profile is much smaller than the estimated slope of the indifference curve (MRS). Based on our theoretical framework, where commuters choose a trip timing based on their travel-time profiles, our empirical results imply that commuters tend to arrive around their desired times bearing a small schedule-delay cost.

中文翻译：

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加州汽车通勤者的拥堵和调度偏好：使用大数据进行估计

本文估计了通勤者的日程效用函数，其中包括比预期早或晚到达工作的负效用（即日程延误成本）和出行时间的负效用。班次延误与出行时间之间的边际替代率（MRS）约为0.85，这意味着通勤者愿意接受约1.2个时间单位（0.85的倒数）的额外班次延误，以减少1个单位的出行时间。对于大多数旅行者来说，旅行时间曲线的斜率远小于无差异曲线 (MRS) 的估计斜率。根据我们的理论框架，通勤者根据他们的出行时间概况选择出行时间，我们的实证结果表明，通勤者往往会在他们期望的时间到达，并承担较小的计划延误成本。