Fragmentation of bubbles and droplets in turbulence produces a dispersed phase spanning a broad range of scales, encompassing everything from droplets in nanoemulsions to centimeter-sized bubbles entrained in breaking waves. Along with deformation, fragmentation plays a crucial role in enhancing interfacial area, with far-reaching implications across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and ocean engineering. However, understanding and modeling these processes are challenging due to the complexity of anisotropic and inhomogeneous turbulence typically involved, the unknown residence time in regions with different turbulence intensities, and difficulties arising from the density and viscosity ratios. Despite these challenges, recent advances have provided new insights into the underlying physics of deformation and fragmentation in turbulence. This review summarizes existing works in various fields, highlighting key results and uncertainties, and examining the impact on turbulence modulation, drag reduction, and heat and mass transfer.

中文翻译：

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湍流中气泡和液滴的变形和破裂


气泡和液滴在湍流中的碎裂会产生跨越广泛尺度的分散相，包括从纳米乳剂中的液滴到破波中夹带的厘米级气泡的所有内容。除了变形，碎裂在增强界面面积方面起着至关重要的作用，对包括食品、制药和海洋工程在内的各个行业都有深远的影响。然而，由于通常涉及各向异性和非均匀湍流的复杂性、在不同湍流强度区域中的停留时间未知以及密度和粘度比引起的困难，理解和建模这些过程具有挑战性。尽管存在这些挑战，但最近的进展为湍流中变形和碎裂的基本物理学提供了新的见解。本文总结了各个领域的现有工作，强调了关键结果和不确定性，并研究了对湍流调制、减阻以及传热传质的影响。