In this research, a co-precipitation approach was used to synthesize manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanorods (NRs) doped with varying concentrations (2, 4 wt.%) of silver bromide (AgBr) and fixed amounts of carbon dots (CDs). CDs exhibit high photostability and a high electron transfer rate. AgBr can improve the activity of metal oxide owing to its electron-trapping effect. The new characteristics of as-prepared AgBr/CDs doped MnO₂ NRs have a larger surface area, charge transport capabilities, and lower recombination chances, associating the synthesized material as a suitable choice for environmental cleanup. The removal of organic dye pollutants from wastewater and the elimination of harmful bacteria by the use of antibacterial activity were the goals of this research. The NRs demonstrated outstanding catalytic activity (CA) against rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation. AgBr/CDs-doped MnO₂ nanocatalyst indicates efficient dye degradation (96.39 %) in an acidic medium relative to other basic and neutral media. The fundamental components for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) are electrons and hole pairs responsible for killing pathogenic bacteria. Compared to ciprofloxacin the substantial inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were measured at 2.95 mm. In silico molecular docking study of AgBr/CDs-doped MnO₂ NRs proposed as promising DNA gyrase E. coli inhibitors.