Globally, cancer is the leading cause of death and morbidity, and skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis. Skin problems can be treated with nanoparticles (NPs), particularly with zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, which have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. An antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared in the presence of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (4NB) was also tested in the present study. In addition, the influence of synthesized NPs on cell apoptosis, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and cell adhesion was also examined. The synthesized 4-nitro benzaldehyde with ZnO (4NBZnO) NPs were confirmed via characterization techniques. 4NBZnO NPs showed superior antibacterial properties against the pathogens tested in antibacterial investigations. As a result of dose-based treatment with 4NBZnO NPs, cell viability, and MMP activity of melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3) cells were suppressed. A dose-dependent accumulation of ROS was observed in cells exposed to 4NBZnO NPs. As a result of exposure to 4NBZnO NPs in a dose-dependent manner, viable cells declined and apoptotic cells increased. This indicates that apoptotic cell death was higher. The cell adhesion test revealed that 4NBZnO NPs reduced cell adhesion and may promote apoptosis of cancer cells because of enhanced ROS levels.

中文翻译：

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用于生物医学应用的 4-硝基苯甲醛与 ZnO 基纳米粒子的合成和表征

在全球范围内，癌症是死亡和发病的主要原因，而皮肤癌是最常见的癌症诊断。皮肤问题可以用纳米颗粒 (NP) 来治疗，特别是氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米颗粒，它具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎和抗癌特性。本研究还测试了在 4-硝基苯甲醛 (4NB) 存在下制备的氧化锌纳米颗粒的抗菌活性。此外，还检测了合成的纳米颗粒对细胞凋亡、细胞活力、线粒体膜电位（MMP）、内源性活性氧（ROS）产生、细胞凋亡和细胞粘附的影响。通过表征技术证实了用 ZnO (4NBZnO) NP 合成的 4-硝基苯甲醛。 4NBZnO NPs 对抗菌研究中测试的病原体表现出优异的抗菌特性。使用 4NBZnO NP 进行基于剂量的治疗后，黑色素瘤细胞 (SK-MEL-3) 的细胞活力和 MMP 活性受到抑制。在暴露于 4NBZnO NP 的细胞中观察到 ROS 的剂量依赖性积累。由于以剂量依赖性方式暴露于 4NBZnO NP，活细胞减少，凋亡细胞增加。这表明凋亡细胞死亡较高。细胞粘附测试表明，4NBZnO NPs 降低了细胞粘附，并可能由于 ROS 水平增强而促进癌细胞凋亡。