Society is largely shaped by creativity, making it critical to understand why, despite minimal mean gender differences in creative ability, substantial differences exist in the creative achievement of men and women. Although the greater male variability hypothesis (GMVH) in creativity has been proposed to explain women's underrepresentation as eminent creators, studies examining the GMVH are sparse and limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine whether the GMVH in creativity can adequately explain the gender gap in creative achievement. We examined the GMVH in creativity, along with mean gender differences, in a range of indicators of creativity and across different sample characteristics and measurement approaches. Effect sizes (k = 1,003) were calculated using information retrieved from 194 studies (N = 68,525). Data were analyzed using three-level meta-analysis and metaregression and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's regression test and contour-enhanced funnel plots. Results revealed minimal gender differences overall, with a slight mean advantage for females (g = -0.10, 95% CI [-0.13, -0.06]) and a trivial variability advantage for males (lnVR = 0.02, 95% CI [0.004, 0.04]) in creative ability scores. However, the magnitude of the effect sizes was moderated by creative domain, task type, scoring type, and study region for mean differences and by country-level gender egalitarianism values for variability. Taken together, gender differences in the mean and variability of creative ability scores are minimal and inconsistent across different contexts, suggesting that the GMVH may not provide much explanatory power for the gender gap in creative achievement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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创造力的性别差异和变异：对创造力中男性变异性假设的系统回顾和荟萃分析。


社会在很大程度上是由创造力塑造的，因此了解为什么尽管创造力的平均性别差异很小，但男性和女性的创造性成就却存在巨大差异，这一点至关重要。尽管创造力方面的男性更大变异性假说 (GMVH) 已被提出来解释女性作为杰出创造者的代表性不足，但检验 GMVH 的研究很少且有限。这项系统回顾和荟萃分析旨在检验创造力中的 GMVH 是否能够充分解释创造性成就中的性别差距。我们检查了创造力的 GMVH 以及平均性别差异、一系列创造力指标以及不同样本特征和测量方法。使用从 194 项研究 (N = 68,525) 检索到的信息计算效应大小 (k = 1,003)。使用三级荟萃分析和元回归对数据进行分析，并使用艾格回归测试和轮廓增强漏斗图评估发表偏倚。结果显示总体上性别差异很小，女性具有轻微的平均优势（g = -0.10，95% CI [-0.13，-0.06]），男性的变异性优势微不足道（lnVR = 0.02，95% CI [0.004，0.04] ]）创造性能力得分。然而，影响大小的大小受到创意领域、任务类型、评分类型和研究区域的平均差异的调节，以及国家层面性别平等主义价值观的变异性的调节。总而言之，创造性能力得分平均值和变异性的性别差异很小，并且在不同背景下不一致，这表明 GMVH 可能无法为创造性成就中的性别差距提供太多解释力。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。