The Lamiaceae family is included in the angiosperms and comprises over 7000 species, many of which are of considerable ecological, economic, and cultural importance. We seek to establish a taxonomic basis by examining the speciation timeline in Lamiaceae using phylogenetics and publicly available transcriptome data. Since Ks is steadily accumulated over time in plants for environmental adaptation until speciation occurs, the timing of speciation can be estimated from examination of Ks values. A total of 24 species included in the Lamiaceae family used in our analysis belongs to four subfamilies. We performed transcriptome assembly for each of the 24 species using trimmed data collected from public databases. We compiled groups of gene families in which at least one copy of the gene is present in each species from orthologous groups among unigenes. From these groups, we obtained a total of 450,014 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 27 species, incorporating three additional outgroup species. Subsequently, a tree was created using these SNPs. In our tree, the outgroup species were clearly located externally, confirming the proximity of species within the same subfamily. The Ks peak corroborated the outcomes observed in the phylogenetic tree. We estimated the rate of sequence evolution and divergence time for each species on the phylogenetic tree by referencing the time of divergence among the Lamiaceae family. In particular, Clinopodium serpyllifolium, Lavandula × intermedia, Phlomis fruticosa, and Volkameria inermis were analyzed for the first time. Our study helps with the understanding of the function of plants included in the Lamiaceae family and is expected to provide a fundamental resource that can be used to pinpoint the molecular and genomic evolution of the Lamiaceae family.

唇形科属于被子植物，包含 7000 多个物种，其中许多具有相当大的生态、经济和文化重要性。我们试图通过使用系统发育学和公开的转录组数据检查唇形科的物种形成时间线来建立分类学基础。由于 Ks 会随着时间的推移在植物中稳定积累以适应环境，直到物种形成发生，因此可以通过检查 Ks 值来估计物种形成的时间。我们分析中使用的唇形科共有 24 个物种，分属于四个亚科。我们使用从公共数据库收集的修剪数据对 24 个物种中的每一个进行了转录组组装。我们编译了基因家族组，其中每个物种中至少存在一个来自单基因直系同源组的基因拷贝。从这些群体中，我们总共获得了 27 个物种的 450,014 个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)，其中包括另外三个外群体物种。随后，利用这些 SNP 创建了一棵树。在我们的树中，外群物种明显位于外部，证实了同一亚科内物种的邻近性。 Ks 峰证实了系统发育树中观察到的结果。我们通过参考唇形科之间的分化时间来估计系统发育树上每个物种的序列进化速率和分化时间。特别是，首次分析了Clinopodium serpyllifolium、Lavandula  ×  intermedia、Phlomis fruticosa和Volkameria inermis 。我们的研究有助于了解唇形科植物的功能，并有望提供一种基本资源，可用于查明唇形科的分子和基因组进化。