Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by three core impairments: impaired communication, impaired reciprocal social interaction, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotypical behavior patterns. Spectrum refers to the heterogeneity of presentation, severity of symptoms, and medical comorbidities associated with ASD. Among the most common underlying medical conditions are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, epilepsy, digestive disorders, metabolic disorders, and immune disorders. At present, in the absence of an objective and accurate diagnosis of ASD, such as a blood test, pharmacological management remains a challenge. There are no approved medications to treat the core symptoms of the disorder and behavioral interventions are typically used as first line treatment. Additionally, psychotropic drugs with different mechanisms of action have been approved to reduce associated symptoms and comorbidities, including aripiprazole, risperidone, and haloperidol for irritability and aggression, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine for ADHD, and melatonin for sleep disturbances. The purpose of this review is to emphasize that it is imperative to develop objective, personalized diagnostic kits in order to tailor and individualize treatment strategies, as well as to describe the current pharmacological management options available in clinical practice and new prospects that may be helpful in managing ASD's core symptoms.

自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种神经发育障碍，其特征是三个核心障碍：沟通障碍、相互社交互动受损以及受限、重复和刻板的行为模式。谱系是指与 ASD 相关的表现、症状严重程度和医学合并症的异质性。最常见的潜在疾病包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）、焦虑、抑郁、癫痫、消化系统疾病、代谢疾病和免疫疾病。目前，在缺乏客观准确的 ASD 诊断（例如血液检测）的情况下，药物管理仍然是一个挑战。目前还没有批准的药物可以治疗这种疾病的核心症状，行为干预通常被用作一线治疗。此外，具有不同作用机制的精神药物已被批准用于减少相关症状和合并症，包括用于治疗烦躁和攻击性的阿立哌唑、利培酮和氟哌啶醇，用于治疗多动症的哌醋甲酯、托莫西汀、可乐定和胍法辛，以及用于治疗睡眠障碍的褪黑激素。本次综述的目的是强调必须开发客观、个性化的诊断试剂盒，以便制定和个体化治疗策略，并描述当前临床实践中可用的药理学管理方案以及可能有助于治疗的新前景。管理 ASD 的核心症状。