Obtaining proteins with customized modifications at an atomic level precision is important yet challenging. The modification difficulty regarding the chemoselectivity over various functional groups in proteins has been systematically discussed. Site-specific modification strategies on endogenous proteins are illustrated in four different classifications. Meanwhile, different protein total synthesis methods are introduced as a bottom-up method to construct proteins with tailor-made modifications. Further integration of these two strategies may contribute to the development of more powerful methods for precise protein engineering.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质化学修饰和全合成的精确度

获得具有原子级精度的定制修饰的蛋白质非常重要，但也具有挑战性。系统地讨论了蛋白质中各种功能基团化学选择性的修饰难度。内源蛋白质的位点特异性修饰策略分为四种不同的分类。同时，引入不同的蛋白质全合成方法作为自下而上的方法来构建具有定制修饰的蛋白质。这两种策略的进一步整合可能有助于开发更强大的精确蛋白质工程方法。