According to the medical tradition, the temperament of bodies came from the balance of their primary qualities – hot, cold, dry, and moist. However, physicians associated additional sensory properties with temperament in the field of pharmacology. These sensations included taste, color, and odor, which allow an appraisal of the constitution and active powers of drugs. The present paper examines this theme in late-Renaissance medicine, through the accounts of the French physician Jean Fernel (ca. 1497–1558) and the Italian physician Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603). As will be shown, their respective interpretations of drug “faculties” offered original views on the relationship between temperament, sensory properties, and matter theories. Such discussions, in turn, revealed the Renaissance reception of Arabic-Latin pharmacology, Galenic medicine, and the Aristotelian physics of matter and form.

中文翻译：

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气质与感官：文艺复兴后期盖伦主义中药物的味道、气味和颜色

根据医学传统，身体的气质来自于其基本品质——热、冷、干、湿的平衡。然而，医生在药理学领域将额外的感官特性与气质联系起来。这些感觉包括味道、颜色和气味，可以评价药物的成分和活性。本文通过法国医生让·费内尔（Jean Fernel，约 1497-1558 年）和意大利医生安德里亚·塞萨尔皮诺（Andrea Cesalpino，1519-1603 年）的叙述，探讨了文艺复兴晚期医学中的这一主题。正如将要展示的那样，他们各自对药物“能力”的解释对气质、感官特性和物质理论之间的关系提供了独到的见解。这些讨论反过来揭示了文艺复兴时期对阿拉伯-拉丁药理学、盖伦医学以及亚里士多德物质和形式物理学的接受。