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Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Electrosynthesis of Ammonia and Urea from Ambient Nitrite Reduction and C–N Coupling
ACS Materials Letters ( IF 9.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01144 Yunfei Huan 1 , Yuzhuo Jiang 1 , Linhe Li 2 , Yanzheng He 3 , Qiyang Cheng 3 , Yufeng Cao 1 , Mengfan Wang 3 , Chenglin Yan 3, 4 , Tao Qian 1
ACS Materials Letters ( IF 9.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01144 Yunfei Huan 1 , Yuzhuo Jiang 1 , Linhe Li 2 , Yanzheng He 3 , Qiyang Cheng 3 , Yufeng Cao 1 , Mengfan Wang 3 , Chenglin Yan 3, 4 , Tao Qian 1
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The global nitrogen cycle has been destroyed by the quickly growing anthropogenic emissions of nitrite-containing pollutants during the past decades, which causes numerous unexpected environmental side effects and threatens human health. Compared with conventional nitrite removal methods featuring low efficiency, high cost, and secondary pollution, the electrocatalytic nitrite reduction reaction has garnered significant attention and offers an appealing solution for nitrite removal and recovering the global nitrogen balance. Moreover, it takes a step further to convert nitrite into recyclable nitrogen-containing fertilizer including ammonia and urea. However, the materials design and mechanistic aspects for such emerging complex reactions are yet to be explored compared to other well-studied primary reactions such as oxygen reduction and water splitting. To address this challenge, this review provides a comprehensive account of a sustainable electrosynthesis of ammonia and urea from ambient nitrite reduction and C–N coupling. The two key reactions, namely ammonia production from the nitrite reduction reaction and urea synthesis from coreduction of nitrite and carbon dioxide, are elaborated in detail, with available catalysts as the focus of the discussion. The current technical barriers and potential research prospects in this domain, including exploring excellent electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity, precisely controlling the interfacial microenvironment, and understanding in-depth the reaction mechanism, are highlighted.
中文翻译：
环境亚硝酸盐还原和 C-N 偶联可持续电合成氨和尿素的电催化剂的最新进展
过去几十年来，快速增长的人为排放的亚硝酸盐污染物破坏了全球氮循环，造成了许多意想不到的环境副作用并威胁人类健康。与传统的亚硝酸盐去除方法低效率、高成本和二次污染相比，电催化亚硝酸盐还原反应引起了人们的广泛关注，并为亚硝酸盐去除和恢复全球氮平衡提供了一种有吸引力的解决方案。此外，还需要进一步将亚硝酸盐转化为可回收的含氮肥料，包括氨和尿素。然而，与氧还原和水分解等其他经过充分研究的初级反应相比，此类新兴复杂反应的材料设计和机理仍有待探索。为了应对这一挑战，本综述全面介绍了通过环境亚硝酸盐还原和 C-N 耦合可持续电合成氨和尿素。详细阐述了亚硝酸盐还原反应制氨和亚硝酸盐与二氧化碳共还原合成尿素这两个关键反应，并重点讨论了可用的催化剂。重点介绍了该领域目前的技术障碍和潜在的研究前景，包括探索具有高活性和选择性的优良电催化剂、精确控制界面微环境以及深入理解反应机理。
更新日期：2023-11-21
中文翻译：
环境亚硝酸盐还原和 C-N 偶联可持续电合成氨和尿素的电催化剂的最新进展
过去几十年来，快速增长的人为排放的亚硝酸盐污染物破坏了全球氮循环，造成了许多意想不到的环境副作用并威胁人类健康。与传统的亚硝酸盐去除方法低效率、高成本和二次污染相比，电催化亚硝酸盐还原反应引起了人们的广泛关注，并为亚硝酸盐去除和恢复全球氮平衡提供了一种有吸引力的解决方案。此外，还需要进一步将亚硝酸盐转化为可回收的含氮肥料，包括氨和尿素。然而，与氧还原和水分解等其他经过充分研究的初级反应相比，此类新兴复杂反应的材料设计和机理仍有待探索。为了应对这一挑战，本综述全面介绍了通过环境亚硝酸盐还原和 C-N 耦合可持续电合成氨和尿素。详细阐述了亚硝酸盐还原反应制氨和亚硝酸盐与二氧化碳共还原合成尿素这两个关键反应，并重点讨论了可用的催化剂。重点介绍了该领域目前的技术障碍和潜在的研究前景，包括探索具有高活性和选择性的优良电催化剂、精确控制界面微环境以及深入理解反应机理。
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