<br>微塑料特异性生物膜的生长决定了淡水中塑料的垂直输送,Science of the Total Environment

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微塑料特异性生物膜的生长决定了淡水中塑料的垂直输送
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168399
Maaike Vercauteren ₁ , Silke Lambert ₁ , Esther Hoogerwerf ₁ , Colin R Janssen ₂ , Jana Asselman ₁

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了解微塑料在淡水中的下沉行为对于评估其环境影响、指导研究工作以及制定有效的政策来减轻塑料污染至关重要。下沉行为是一个由塑料密度、环境因素和颗粒特性驱动的复杂过程。此外，生物实体在塑料表面的生长会影响微塑料的总密度，从而影响下沉行为。然而，我们对淡水中这些过程的了解仍然有限。因此，我们的研究重点是研究淡水中微塑料的生物膜生长。因此，我们评估了五种不同聚合物类型（微塑料颗粒和平板）上生物膜的生长情况，这些聚合物在受控实验室环境中在淡水中孵育 63 天。生物膜生长（基于质量）用于比较聚合物类型、表面粗糙度之间的生物膜生长，并研究随时间的变化。了解生物膜生长的时间方面使我们能够改进生物膜生长对淡水沉降行为的预测影响的计算。结果表明，生物膜的形成是聚合物特异性的，但也受到表面粗糙度的影响，较粗糙的表面促进生物膜的生长。对于 PET 和 PS，生物膜在 63 天的培养期间呈指数增长。根据我们的计算，生物膜生长确实会根据聚合物类型、尺寸和密度对下沉行为产生不同的影响。河流可以充当某些颗粒（例如大 PET 颗粒）的汇。然而，对于其他人来说，在河流系统内定居的可能性似乎有限，从而增加了它们在水文气象影响下迁移到河口或海洋环境的可能性。虽然塑料表面生物膜动力学的复杂性尚未完全了解，但我们的研究结果有助于阐明生物膜对淡水系统中微塑料垂直行为的影响，从而提供知识来解释观察到的环境塑料浓度模式。

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Microplastic-specific biofilm growth determines the vertical transport of plastics in freshwater

Understanding the sinking behavior of microplastics in freshwater is essential for assessing their environmental impact, guiding research efforts, and formulating effective policies to mitigate plastic pollution. Sinking behavior is a complex process driven by plastic density, environmental factors and particle characteristics. Moreover, the growth of biological entities on the plastic surface can affect the total density of the microplastics and thus influence the sinking behavior. Yet, our understanding of these processes in freshwater is still limited. Our research thus focused on studying biofilm growth on microplastics in freshwater. Therefore, we evaluated biofilm growth on five different polymer types (both microplastic particles and plates) which were incubated in freshwater for 63 days in a controlled laboratory setting. Biofilm growth (mass-based) was used to compare biofilm growth between polymer types, surface roughness and study the changes over time. Understanding the temporal aspect of biofilm growth enabled us to refine calculations on the predicted effect of biofilm growth on the settling behavior in freshwater. The results showed that biofilm formation is polymer-specific but also affected by surface roughness, with a rougher surface promoting biofilm growth. For PET and PS, biofilm tended to grow exponentially during 63 days of incubation. Based on our calculations, biofilm growth did affect the sinking behavior differently based on the polymer type, size and density. Rivers can function as sinks for some particles such as large PET particles. Nevertheless, for others, the likelihood of settling within river systems appears limited, thereby increasing the probability of their transit to estuarine or oceanic environments under hydrometeorological influences. While the complexity of biofilm dynamics on plastic surfaces is not fully understood, our findings help to elucidate the effect of biofilms on the vertical behavior of microplastics in freshwater systems hereby offering knowledge to interpret observed patterns in environmental plastic concentrations.

更新日期：2023-11-20

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