<br>富硅生物炭（Sichar）改良剂控制农业生态系统中作物害虫和病原体的潜力：综述,Science of the Total Environment

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富硅生物炭（Sichar）改良剂控制农业生态系统中作物害虫和病原体的潜力：综述
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168545
Alain Ratnadass ₁ , Ana L Llandres ₂ , François-Régis Goebel ₃ , Olivier Husson ₃ , Janine Jean ₃ , Alfredo Napoli ₄ , Mathilde Sester ₅ , Stephen Joseph ₆

Affiliation

我们回顾了富含硅 (Si) 的生物炭 (sichars) 作为作物改良剂用于害虫和病原体控制的潜力。我们系统文献检索中发现的主要致病系统是茄科作物（主要是番茄、辣椒、烟草和茄子）的青枯病、禾本科作物（主要是水稻和小麦）的刺吸式半翅目害虫和土传真菌以及寄生线虫在其他作物上。确定的主要害虫和病原体缓解途径是： i) 硅基物理屏障； ii) 植物防御的诱导； iii) 就根线虫而言，增强对植物有益/对抗病原体的土壤微生物区系； iv) 土壤物理化学性质的改变导致 Eh-pH 条件不利于根线虫生长； v) 改变土壤物理化学性质，导致 Eh-pH、容重和/或持水能力有利于植物生长，并产生对坏死性病原体的耐受性； vi) 由于某些半生物营养害虫或病原体的氮摄入量减少，硅吸收量增加导致植物质量下降。我们的审查强调了途径之间的协同作用和其他途径之间的权衡，除其他外，取决于： i) 作物类型（特别是是否积累硅）； ii) 害虫/病原体类型（例如地下/根部损害与地上/地上部分损害；“生物营养型”与“死体营养型”，以及相应的系统抗性途径；繁荣的Eh-pH谱等）； iii) 土壤类型。我们的综述还强调需要进一步研究：i）硅的贡献和生物炭的其他物理化学特性（包括潜在的拮抗作用）； ii) 热解过程，a) 优化土壤中硅的利用率及其被作物的吸收，b) 最大限度地减少有害化合物（例如方英石）的形成； iii) 生物炭的最佳形式，例如生物炭表面的硅纳米颗粒、微米级生物炭基复合肥料与更大的生物炭多孔基质。

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Potential of silicon-rich biochar (Sichar) amendment to control crop pests and pathogens in agroecosystems: A review

We reviewed the potential of silicon (Si)-rich biochars (sichars) as crop amendments for pest and pathogen control. The main pathosystems that emerged from our systematic literature search were bacterial wilt on solanaceous crops (mainly tomato, pepper, tobacco and eggplant), piercing-sucking hemipteran pests and soil-borne fungi on gramineous crops (mainly rice and wheat), and parasitic nematodes on other crops. The major pest and pathogen mitigation pathways identified were: i) Si-based physical barriers; ii) Induction of plant defenses; iii) Enhancement of plant-beneficial/pathogen-antagonistic soil microflora in the case of root nematodes; iv) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH conditions unfavorable to root nematodes; v) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH, bulk density and/or water holding capacity favorable to plant growth and resulting tolerance to necrotrophic pathogens; vi) Increased Si uptake resulting in reduced plant quality, owing to reduced nitrogen intake towards some hemi-biotrophic pests or pathogens. Our review highlighted synergies between pathways and tradeoffs between others, depending, inter alia, on: i) crop type (notably whether Si-accumulating or not); ii) pest/pathogen type (e.g. below-ground/root-damaging vs above-ground/aerial part-damaging; “biotrophic” vs “necrotrophic” , and corresponding systemic resistance pathways; thriving Eh-pH spectrum; etc.); iii) soil type. Our review also stressed the need for further research on: i) the contribution of Si and other physical-chemical characteristics of biochars (including potential antagonistic effects); ii) the pyrolysis process to a) optimize Si availability in the soil and its uptake by the crop and b) to minimize formation of harmful compounds e.g. cristobalite; iii) on the optimal form of biochar, e.g. Si-nano particles on the surface of the biochar, micron-sized biochar-based compound fertilizer vs larger biochar porous matrices.

更新日期：2023-11-19

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