<br>纳米级聚苯乙烯塑料诱导 Eisenia fetida 细胞毒性和免疫毒性的分子机制,Journal of Hazardous Materials

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纳米级聚苯乙烯塑料诱导 Eisenia fetida 细胞毒性和免疫毒性的分子机制
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133032
Falin He ₁ , Huijian Shi ₁ , Shuqi Guo ₁ , Xiangxiang Li ₁ , Xuejie Tan ₂ , Rutao Liu ₁

Affiliation

纳米塑料（NPs）目前无处不在，NPs 对环境的污染是一个紧迫的全球性问题。然而，到目前为止，很少有研究专注于采用多维策略的 NPs 对土壤生物的细胞毒作用和免疫功能障碍的机制和途径。因此，选择蚯蚓免疫细胞和免疫蛋白溶菌酶（LZM）作为特异性受体，以揭示暴露于聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS-NPs）导致细胞毒性、遗传毒性和免疫毒性的潜在机制，以及 PS-NPs-LZM 相互作用的结合机制。细胞结果表明，当蚯蚓免疫细胞暴露于高剂量 PS-NPs 时，它会导致活性氧（ROS）的释放显着增加，从而导致氧化应激。PS-NPs 暴露显著降低了蚯蚓免疫细胞的细胞活力，通过 ROS 介导的氧化应激途径诱导细胞毒性，以及氧化损伤效应，包括降低抗氧化防御、脂质过氧化、DNA 损伤和蛋白质氧化。此外，PS-NPs 应激抑制免疫细胞内 LZM 活性，通过激活 ROS 介导的氧化应激途径导致免疫功能受损和免疫毒性。分子研究结果显示，PS-NPs 结合破坏了 LZM 的结构和构象，包括二级结构变化、蛋白质骨架展开/松动、荧光敏化、微环境变化和粒径变化。分子对接表明，PS-NPs 与 LZM 的活性中心结合更容易，更能抑制蛋白质功能，并与 LZM 的功能和构象密切相关的关键氨基酸残基 TRP 62 形成疏水相互作用。这也导致 LZM 构象变化和功能抑制/失活。这项研究的这些结果为使用细胞和分子策略评估 NPs 对土壤生物免疫功能的损害提供了新的前景。

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Molecular mechanisms of nano-sized polystyrene plastics induced cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in Eisenia fetida

Nanoplastics (NPs) are currently everywhere and environmental pollution by NPs is a pressing global problem. Nevertheless, until now, few studies have concentrated on the mechanisms and pathways of cytotoxic effects and immune dysfunction of NPs on soil organisms employing a multidimensional strategy. Hence, earthworm immune cells and immunity protein lysozyme (LZM) were selected as specific receptors to uncover the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity resulting from exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), and the binding mechanisms of PS-NPs-LZM interaction. Results on cells indicated that when earthworm immune cells were exposed to high-dose PS-NPs, it caused a notable rise in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress. PS-NPs exposure significantly decreased the cell viability of earthworm immune cells, inducing cytotoxicity through ROS-mediated oxidative stress pathway, and oxidative injury effects, including reduced antioxidant defenses, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and protein oxidation. Moreover, PS-NPs stress inhibited the intracellular LZM activity in immune cells, resulting in impaired immune function and immunotoxicity by activating the oxidative stress pathway mediated by ROS. The results from molecular studies revealed that PS-NPs binding destroyed the LZM structure and conformation, including secondary structure changes, protein skeleton unfolding/loosening, fluorescence sensitization, microenvironment changes, and particle size changes. Molecular docking suggested that PS-NPs combined with active center of LZM easier and inhibited the protein function more, and formed a hydrophobic interaction with TRP 62, a crucial amino acid residue closely associated with the function and conformation of LZM. This is also responsible for LZM conformational changes and functional inhibition /inactivation. These results of this research offer a fresh outlook on evaluating the detriment of NPs to the immune function of soil organisms using cellular and molecular strategies.

更新日期：2023-11-22

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