锂离子电池隔膜安全性：综述,Materials Chemistry Frontiers

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锂离子电池隔膜安全性：综述
Materials Chemistry Frontiers ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d3qm00951c
Boli Tong _{1,

2} , Xifei Li _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

锂离子电池（LIB）的安全问题限制了其进一步大规模应用，特别是在电动汽车中。作为锂离子电池的关键组件，隔膜通常用作惰性组件，为离子提供迁移路径并防止阴极与阳极直接接触。然而，外部冲击刺穿、局部过热、内外短路等造成的隔膜损坏，导致锂离子电池热失控和爆炸事故。因此，如何提高分离器的安全性一直是高性能锂离子电池开发中的一个挑战。在这篇综述中，近期进展的具有高机械强度、高热稳定性和良好的锂枝晶电阻的高安全隔膜是主要关注点。讨论了影响隔膜安全性的各种因素，包括聚合物基材的种类、结构、合成和改性工艺。更重要的是，高安全隔膜的设计策略从各个方面全面解决：（i）复合陶瓷材料或有机聚合物以提高热稳定性，（ii）改性聚合物和复合结构以提高机械强度，（ iii）设计功能分离器来调节离子传输和锂沉积，以减轻锂枝晶，以及（iv）通过阻燃和热关断功能智能控制锂离子电池的热失控。此外，总结了隔膜的成分-结构-性能关系，并强调了隔膜成分和结构对锂离子电池安全性的影响。此外，还为构建高安全性可充电锂电池提供了隔膜的未来挑战和前景。

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Towards separator safety of lithium-ion batteries: a review

The safety problem of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has restricted their further large-scale application, especially in electrical vehicles. As a key component of LIBs, separators are commonly used as an inert component to provide a migration path for the ions and prevent direct contact of the cathodes with the anodes. However, the separator damage caused by external impact puncture, local overheating, and internal and external short circuit leads to the thermal runaway and explosion accidents of LIBs. Therefore, how to enhance separator safety has been a challenge in the development of high-performance LIBs. In this review, the recent advance of high-safety separators with high mechanical strength, high thermal stability and good lithium dendritic resistance is the main focus. Various factors affecting the separator's safety are discussed, including the species of the polymer substrate, structure, synthesis and modification processes. More importantly, the designed strategies towards high safety separator are comprehensively addressed in terms of various aspects: (i) to composite ceramic materials or organic polymers to improve thermal stability, (ii) to modify the polymer and composite structure to increase mechanical strength, (iii) to design a functional separator to regulate ion transport and lithium deposition for mitigating lithium dendrites, and (iv) to intelligently control the thermal runaway of LIBs by flame retardant and thermal shutdown function. Furthermore, the component–structure–performance relationship of separators is summarized, and the impact of separator compositions and structures on the safety of LIBs is emphasized. In addition, the future challenges and perspectives of separators are provided for building high safety rechargeable lithium batteries.

更新日期：2023-11-22

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