Most of us have experienced moments when we could not recall some piece of information but felt that it was just out of reach. Research in metamemory has established that such judgments are often accurate; but what adaptive purpose do they serve? Here, we present an optimal model of how metacognitive monitoring (feeling of knowing) could dynamically inform metacognitive control of memory (the direction of retrieval efforts). In two experiments, we find that, consistent with the optimal model, people report having a stronger memory for targets they are likely to recall and direct their search efforts accordingly, cutting off the search when it is unlikely to succeed and prioritizing the search for stronger memories. Our results suggest that metamemory is indeed adaptive and motivate the development of process-level theories that account for the dynamic interplay between monitoring and control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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记忆回忆的最佳元认知控制。


我们大多数人都经历过这样的时刻：我们无法回忆起某些信息，但觉得它只是遥不可及。对元存储器的研究已经确定，这样的判断通常是准确的;但它们服务于什么适应性目的呢？在这里，我们提出了一个最佳模型，说明元认知监测（认知感）如何动态地通知记忆的元认知控制（检索工作的方向）。在两个实验中，我们发现，与最佳模型一致，人们报告说他们对他们可能回忆起的目标有更强的记忆，并相应地指导他们的搜索工作，当搜索不太可能成功时就切断搜索，并优先考虑寻找更强的记忆。我们的结果表明，元内存确实是适应性的，并推动了过程级理论的发展，这些理论解释了监测和控制之间的动态相互作用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。