PURPOSE Sitting at work can be associated with musculoskeletal pain, but the effect of reductions in sitting is not well understood. We examined relationships with musculoskeletal pain of changes in sitting, standing, stepping, and short and long bouts of these behaviors. METHODS Analyses pooled data from 224 desk workers (68.4% women; mean ± SD age = 45.5 ± 9.4 yr; body mass index = 28.1 ± 6.1 kg⋅m -2 ) in intervention trial. Device-assessed (activPAL3) sitting, standing, and stepping time and multisite musculoskeletal pain (Nordic Questionnaire; 12 body areas) were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Compositional data analyses in linear mixed-effects regressions examined relationships within 16 waking hours of the behaviors and their short and long bouts, with changes from baseline in acute and chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain at 3 and 12 months. Analyses were adjusted for initial group randomization and relevant covariates. RESULTS At 3 months, increased standing relative to changes in other compositions was significantly associated with increased multisite musculoskeletal pain (acute: β = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.10 to 2.98; chronic: β = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.12 to 2.83). By contrast, increased stepping relative to changes in other compositions was significantly associated with reduced multisite musculoskeletal pain (acute: β = -1.49, 95% CI = -2.97 to -0.02; chronic: β = -1.87, 95% CI = -3.75 to -0.01). Neither sitting reduction relative to changes in other compositions nor changes in short bouts relative to long bouts of the behaviors were significantly associated with multisite musculoskeletal pain changes. At 12 months, there were no significant associations for any of the compositional changes. CONCLUSIONS In the short term, while increasing standing with reduced sitting time can be unfavorable, concurrently increasing stepping could potentially reduce musculoskeletal pain. In the longer term, musculoskeletal pain may not be increased by moderate reductions in sitting time through spending more time standing or stepping.

中文翻译：

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办公桌工人坐姿、站立和行走时间的变化：对肌肉骨骼疼痛的短期和长期影响。

目的 工作时久坐可能与肌肉骨骼疼痛有关，但减少久坐的影响尚不清楚。我们研究了坐、站、迈步以及这些行为的短期和长期发作的变化与肌肉骨骼疼痛的关系。方法 分析干预试验中 224 名办公室工作人员（68.4% 为女性；平均±SD 年龄 = 45.5 ± 9.4 岁；体重指数 = 28.1 ± 6.1 kg·m -2 ）的汇总数据。在基线、3 个月和 12 个月时评估设备评估 (activPAL3) 坐姿、站立和行走时间以及多部位肌肉骨骼疼痛（北欧问卷；12 个身体区域）。线性混合效应回归的成分数据分析检查了 16 个小时内的行为及其短期和长期发作的关系，以及 3 个月和 12 个月时急性和慢性多部位肌肉骨骼疼痛相对于基线的变化。针对初始组随机化和相关协变量调整分析。结果 3 个月时，相对于其他成分的变化，站立的增加与多部位肌肉骨骼疼痛的增加显着相关（急性：β = 1.54，95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.10 至 2.98；慢性：β = 1.49，95% CI = 0.12 至 2.83）。相比之下，相对于其他成分的变化，增加的步数与减少多部位肌肉骨骼疼痛显着相关（急性：β = -1.49，95% CI = -2.97 至 -0.02；慢性：β = -1.87，95% CI = -3.75至-0.01）。相对于其他成分的变化的坐姿减少以及相对于长时间行为的短期发作的变化均与多部位肌肉骨骼疼痛变化没有显着相关。12 个月时，任何成分变化都没有显着关联。结论 在短期内，虽然增加站立时间并减少坐时间可能是不利的，但同时增加步数可能会减少肌肉骨骼疼痛。从长远来看，通过增加站立或行走的时间来适度减少坐着的时间可能不会增加肌肉骨骼疼痛。