Background The clinical implications of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies (MOG-Abs) are increasing. Establishing MOG-Ab assays is essential for effectively treating patients with MOG-Abs. We established an in-house cell-based assay (CBA) to detect MOG-Abs to identify correlations with patients' clinical characteristics. Methods We established the CBA using HEK 293 cells transiently overexpressing full-length human MOG, tested it against 166 samples from a multicenter registry of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders, and compared the results with those of the Oxford MOG-Ab-based CBA and a commercial MOG-Ab CBA kit. We recruited additional patients with MOG-Abs and compared the clinical characteristics of MOG-Ab-associated disease (MOGAD) with those of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Results Of 166 samples tested, 10 tested positive for MOG-Abs, with optic neuritis (ON) being the most common manifestation (4/15, 26.7%). The in-house and Oxford MOG-Ab CBAs agreed for 164/166 (98.8%) samples (κ=0.883, P<0.001); two patients (2/166, 1.2%) were only positive in our in-house CBA, and the CBA scores of the two laboratories correlated well (r=0.663, P<0.001). The commercial MOG-Ab CBA kit showed one false-negative and three false-positive results. The clinical presentation at disease onset differed between MOGAD and NMOSD; ON was the most frequent manifestation in MOGAD, and transverse myelitis was most frequent in NMOSD. Conclusions The in-house CBA for MOG-Abs demonstrated reliable results and can potentially be used to evaluate CNS inflammatory disorders. A comprehensive, long-term study with a large patient population would clarify the clinical significance of MOG-Abs.

中文翻译：

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基于细胞的检测中枢神经系统炎症性疾病中髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体的临床应用。

背景 髓磷脂少突胶质细胞糖蛋白自身抗体 (MOG-Ab) 的临床意义正在增加。建立 MOG-Ab 检测对于有效治疗 MOG-Ab 患者至关重要。我们建立了一种内部细胞检测 (CBA) 来检测 MOG-Ab，以确定与患者临床特征的相关性。方法 我们使用瞬时过表达全长人 MOG 的 HEK 293 细胞建立了 CBA，针对来自中枢神经系统 (CNS) 炎症性疾病多中心登记处的 166 个样本进行了测试，并将结果与​​基于 Oxford MOG-Ab 的结果进行了比较。 CBA 和商业 MOG-Ab CBA 试剂盒。我们招募了更多患有 MOG-Ab 的患者，并将 MOG-Ab 相关疾病 (MOGAD) 的临床特征与视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍 (NMOSD) 的临床特征进行比较。结果 在检测的 166 个样本中，10 个 MOG-Ab 检测呈阳性，其中视神经炎 (ON) 是最常见的表现 (4/15, 26.7%)。内部和牛津 MOG-Ab CBA 对 164/166 (98.8%) 样本达成一致 (κ=0.883，P<0.001)；两名患者（2/166，1.2%）仅在我们内部的 CBA 中呈阳性，并且两个实验室的 CBA 评分相关性良好（r=0.663，P<0.001）。商业 MOG-Ab CBA 试剂盒显示 1 个假阴性结果和 3 个假阳性结果。MOGAD 和 NMOSD 发病时的临床表现不同；ON 是 MOGAD 中最常见的表现，横贯性脊髓炎是 NMOSD 中最常见的表现。结论 MOG-Ab 的内部 CBA 结果可靠，可用于评估 CNS 炎症性疾病。对大量患者进行全面、长期的研究将阐明 MOG-Ab 的临床意义。