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PAN-templated synthesis of layered Co3O4 nanosheets for rapid reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP: Improved formation of unique Co3+-rich (440) facet on the crystal lattice of Co3O4
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.111496
Mintesinot Dessalegn Dabaro , Richard Appiah-Ntiamoah , Meseret Ethiopia Guye , Hern Kim

The efficient reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) using Co3O4 in NaBH4(aq) requires the precise control of hydride (Hδ-) and protic hydrogen (Hδ+) generation. Currently, this is achieved using (311) facet-dominated Co3O4 with Co2+-rich edges that favor Hδ- activation leading to poor performance. Herein, we employ the ladder-like structure of oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to fine-tune the growth of the (311)-to-(440) facets in layered Co3O4 nanosheets. This yields a balanced distribution of Co3+/Co2+ edge sites, leading to enhanced catalytic activity. Our catalyst is prepared by air-annealing a mixture of cobalt acetate (Co(OAc)2) and PAN at 500 °C. The mass ratio of Co(OAc)2 to PAN dictates the (311)/(440) facet ratio (i.e., Y). Specifically, a ratio of 0.25/0.4 (P-0.25–500) gives Y= 1.12. Meanwhile, at ratios of 0.05/0.4 (P-0.05–500) and 0.5/0.8 (P-0.5–500), Y increases to 1.25 and 1.27, respectively. XPS analysis confirms that the surface Co3+/Co2+ distribution (X) on P-0.25–50, P-0.05–500, and P-0.5–500 is 0.43, 0.41, and 0.39, respectively, highlighting a direct relationship between the (440) exposure and Co3+ concentration. The rate of 4-NP reduction (i.e., kapp) on P-0.25–500, i.e., ∼2.84 × 10−2 s−1 is 3.1x and 3.6x faster than P-0.05–500 (∼9.16 ×10−3 s−1) and P-0.5–500 (∼7.81 ×10−3 s−1), respectively. P-0.25–50's performance is comparable to that of state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts and higher than commercial Co3O4, and it maintains a decent catalytic retention of 88.84% after six recycles, demonstrating high stability. Our research presents a simple yet highly effective method for achieving balanced Hδ+ and Hδ- activation edges in Co3O4, resulting in superior 4-NP reduction activity.

中文翻译:


用于快速将 4-NP 还原为 4-AP 的层状 Co3O4 纳米片的 PAN 模板合成:改善了 Co3O4 晶格上独特富含 Co3+ (440) 的刻面的形成



在 NaBH4(aq) 中使用 Co3O4 将 4-硝基苯酚 (4-NP) 高效还原为 4-氨基苯酚 (4-AP) 需要精确控制氢化物 (Hδ-) 和质子氢 (Hδ+) 的生成。目前,这是使用 (311) 刻面为主的 Co3O4 实现的,其中富含 Co2+ 的边缘有利于 Hδ- 活化,从而导致性能不佳。在此,我们采用氧化聚丙烯腈 (PAN) 的梯状结构来微调层状 Co3O4 纳米片中 (311) 至 (440) 刻面的生长。这产生了 Co3+/Co2+ 边缘位点的平衡分布,从而增强了催化活性。我们的催化剂是通过在 500 °C 下对乙酸钴 (Co(OAc)2) 和 PAN 的混合物进行空气退火制备的。 Co(OAc)2 与 PAN 的质量比决定了 (311)/(440) 刻面比(即 Y)。具体来说,比率为 0.25/0.4 (P-0.25–500) 得到 Y= 1.12。同时,当比率为 0.05/0.4 (P-0.05–500) 和 0.5/0.8 (P-0.5–500) 时,Y 分别增加到 1.25 和 1.27。XPS 分析证实,P-0.25-50、P-0.05-500 和 P-0.5-500 上的表面 Co3+/Co2+ 分布 (X) 分别为 0.43、0.41 和 0.39,突出了 (440) 暴露与 Co3+ 浓度之间的直接关系。P-0.25-500 上 4-NP 还原速率(即 kapp),即 ∼2.84 × 10−2 s−1)分别比 P-0.05-500 (∼9.16 ×10−3 s−1) 和 P-0.5-500 (∼7.81 ×10−3 s−1) 快 3.1 倍和 3.6 倍。P-0.25-50 的性能可与最先进的贵金属催化剂相媲美,高于商业 Co3O4,并且在 6 次循环后仍保持 88.84% 的良好催化保留率,表现出高稳定性。我们的研究提出了一种简单而高效的方法,可在 Co3O4 中实现平衡的 Hδ + 和 Hδ- 活化边缘,从而产生卓越的 4-NP 还原活性。
更新日期:2023-11-18
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