Efficient and ultra-sensitive measurements of micro-angle are critical technological requirements in various fields. Traditional measurement approaches have disadvantages in terms of accuracy and system complexity. Here, a micro-angle measurement scheme based on the pixelated metasurface is reported. By utilizing the interaction between a C-band optical frequency comb (OFC) laser source and the plasmonic metasurface, precise angle encoding is achieved, enabling each meta-pixel within the pixelated metasurface to exhibit ultra-sensitive responses to angular changes. Experimental results demonstrate a resolution as low as 2.8 μrad for angle sensing. Furthermore, by controlling the dimensions of the meta-atom structural dimensions and designing specific combinations of meta-pixels, the unique angle response of individual pixels is manipulated, effectively creating an angle barcode. This technique allows for highly efficient acquisition of angle information, and based on this, it demonstrates absolute angle measurement with an average error at 7 μrad. The robustness and stability of the proposed scheme is also evaluated.

中文翻译：

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像素化超表面支持的光学角度条形码可用于绝对微角度测量

高效、超灵敏的微角度测量是各个领域的关键技术要求。传统的测量方法在准确性和系统复杂性方面存在缺陷。这里，报告了一种基于像素化超表面的微角度测量方案。通过利用 C 波段光学频率梳 (OFC) 激光源和等离子体超表面之间的相互作用，实现了精确的角度编码，使像素化超表面内的每个元像素都能对角度变化表现出超灵敏的响应。实验结果表明角度传感分辨率低至 2.8 μrad。此外，通过控制元原子结构尺寸并设计元像素的特定组合，可以操纵各个像素的独特角度响应，从而有效地创建角度条形码。该技术可以高效获取角度信息，并在此基础上演示了平均误差为 7 μrad 的绝对角度测量。还评估了所提出方案的鲁棒性和稳定性。