Our objective is to identify the individual flexibility of dairy farms, which may be the result of heterogeneous input adjustment costs, based on their observed short-run responses to price variations. For this purpose, we propose an analytical framework based on the panel smooth transition regression model with farm-specific threshold parameters. Our model is estimated using data from a sample of French dairy farms over the period 2007–2018. Our empirical results reveal heterogeneous levels of flexibility for these farms, with the most flexible farms appearing to be more autonomous both financially and in terms of animal feed.

中文翻译：

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使用面板平滑过渡回归方法识别奶牛场的异质灵活性

我们的目标是根据观察到的奶牛场对价格变化的短期反应，确定奶牛场的个体灵活性，这可能是异质投入调整成本的结果。为此，我们提出了一个基于具有农场特定阈值参数的面板平滑过渡回归模型的分析框架。我们的模型是使用 2007 年至 2018 年期间法国奶牛场样本的数据进行估算的。我们的实证结果揭示了这些农场的灵活性水平参差不齐，最灵活的农场在财务和动物饲料方面似乎都更加自主。