PURPOSE The number of persons living with post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) conditions or long COVID continues to rise worldwide; however, the etiology and treatment of long COVID remain nebulous. Therefore, efficient, feasible, and cost-effective therapeutic strategies for a large population with long COVID remain warranted. Physical exercise-based rehabilitation is a promising strategy for long COVID, although its therapeutic effects remain to be determined. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of physical exercise-based rehabilitation on long COVID. METHODS The electronic databases Medline, Embase, Global Health (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, WHO Global Research Database on COVID-19, LitCovid, and Google Scholar were searched from their inception to November 2022. The identified articles were independently screened by three reviewers, and a random-effects model was utilized to determine the mean differences in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty-three studies involving 1,579 individuals who had COVID-19 (752 women) were included. Physical exercise-based rehabilitation showed beneficial effects on long COVID-related symptoms characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and depression, as well as on the 6-minute walk test, forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity, and quality of life in people who had COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise-based rehabilitation is a potential therapeutic strategy against long COVID and can be applied as a routine clinical practice in people who have recovered from COVID-19. However, customized physical exercise-based rehabilitation programs and their effects on specific types of long COVID require future large-scale studies.

中文翻译：

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基于体育锻炼的康复对长期新冠肺炎的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。

目的 全球范围内患有 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 后病症或长期 COVID 的人数持续增加；然而，长期新冠肺炎的病因和治疗仍不清楚。因此，对于大量长期感染新冠病毒的人群来说，有效、可行且具有成本效益的治疗策略仍然是必要的。以体育锻炼为基础的康复是治疗长期新冠肺炎的一种有前途的策略，尽管其治疗效果仍有待确定。这项系统评价和荟萃分析旨在研究基于体育锻炼的康复对长期新冠肺炎的影响。方法 检索电子数据库 Medline、Embase、Global Health (Ovid)、CINAHL (EBSCO)、Web of Science、WHO Global Research Database on COVID-19、LitCovid 和 Google Scholar，从建站到 2022 年 11 月。识别出的文章是由三位评审员独立筛选，并利用随机效应模型来确定荟萃分析中的平均差异。结果 纳入了 23 项研究，涉及 1,579 名 COVID-19 患者（752 名女性）。基于体育锻炼的康复对以呼吸困难、疲劳和抑郁为特征的长期新冠相关症状以及 6 分钟步行测试、1 秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量和生活质量显示出有益的效果。患有 COVID-19 的人。结论 基于体育锻炼的康复是针对长期 COVID 的潜在治疗策略，并且可以作为常规临床实践应用于从 COVID-19 中康复的患者。然而，定制的基于体育锻炼的康复计划及其对特定类型的长期新冠肺炎的影响需要未来的大规模研究。