Plastics have been recognized as an emerging pollutant and have raised global concerns due to their widespread distribution in the environment and potential harm to living systems. However, research on the threat of micro/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) to the unique group of aquatic plants is far behind, necessitating a comprehensive review to summarize current research progress and identify future research needs. This review explores the sources and distribution patterns of MPs/NPs in aquatic environments, highlighting their uptake by aquatic plants through roots and leaves, and subsequent translocation via the vascular system facilitated by the transpiration stream. Exposure to MPs/NPs elicits diverse effects on the growth, physiology, and ecological interactions of aquatic plants, with variations influenced by plastic properties, plant species, and experimental conditions. Furthermore, the presence of MPs/NPs can impact the toxicity and bioavailability of other associated toxicants to aquatic plants. This review shows critical knowledge gaps and emphasizes the need for future research to bridge the current understanding of the limitations and challenges posed by MPs/NPs in aquatic ecosystems.

塑料已被认为是一种新兴污染物，由于其在环境中的广泛分布以及对生命系统的潜在危害而引起了全球的关注。然而，关于微/纳米塑料（MPs/NPs）对独特水生植物群的威胁的研究还远远落后，需要进行全面的回顾，总结当前的研究进展并确定未来的研究需求。本综述探讨了水生环境中 MP/NP 的来源和分布模式，重点介绍了水生植物通过根和叶吸收它们，以及随后通过蒸腾流促进的维管系统进行的易位。接触 MP/NP 会对水生植物的生长、生理和生态相互作用产生多种影响，其变化受到塑料特性、植物物种和实验条件的影响。此外，MP/NP 的存在会影响其他相关毒物对水生植物的毒性和生物利用度。本综述显示了关键的知识差距，并强调未来研究的必要性，以弥合目前对水生生态系统中 MP/NP 所带来的限制和挑战的理解。