Confronting, or calling out people for prejudiced remarks, reduces subsequent expressions of prejudice. However, people who confront others incur social costs: Confronters are disliked, derogated, and avoided relative to others who have not confronted. These social costs hurt the confronter and reduce the likelihood of future confrontation. The present studies (N = 1,019) integrate the close relationships and prejudice reduction literatures to examine whether people who are confronted assign fewer social costs when they trust the confronter. Study 1 provided correlational evidence that people who were confronted for making a sexist remark experienced less irritation and annoyance (i.e., negative other-directed affect) if they trusted the confronter, which, in turn, reduced social costs. Manipulation of trust in Study 2 with non-Black participants provided causal evidence that trust buffers against social costs. Being confronted predictably led to more negative other-directed affect and social costs, relative to not-confronted participants; however, these effects were mitigated among participants who underwent a trust-building exercise with the confronter. Study 3 used an ecologically valid context in which non-Black participants who made a stereotypic remark were confronted by an actual friend or stranger. They assigned fewer social costs when confronted by their friend (vs. stranger), and this effect was serially mediated by trust and negative other-directed affect. Importantly, confrontation reduced subsequent stereotyping in all studies. Practically, these studies reveal that when confronters establish trust, they experience fewer social costs. Theoretically, these studies provide a new direction for confrontation research that accounts for interpersonal dynamics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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信任在减少对抗相关社会成本中的作用。


对抗或指责人们的偏见言论可以减少随后的偏见表达。然而，对抗他人的人会产生社会成本：相对于没有对抗过的人，对抗者会受到厌恶、贬低和回避。这些社会成本伤害了对抗者并降低了未来对抗的可能性。目前的研究（N = 1,019）整合了亲密关系和减少偏见的文献，以检验面对的人在信任面对者时是否会分配较少的社会成本。研究1提供了相关证据表明，如果人们因发表性别歧视言论而被质问，那么如果他们信任质问者，他们会经历更少的刺激和烦恼（即负面的他人导向影响），这反过来又降低了社会成本。研究 2 中对非黑人参与者的信任操纵提供了信任可以缓冲社会成本的因果证据。相对于未面对的参与者，可以预见的是，面对的参与者会导致更多负面的他人导向的影响和社会成本；然而，在与对抗者进行了建立信任练习的参与者中，这些影响得到了缓解。研究 3 使用了一个生态有效的环境，其中发表刻板言论的非黑人参与者面对的是一个真正的朋友或陌生人。当面对朋友（相对于陌生人）时，他们分配的社会成本更少，并且这种效应是由信任和负面的他人导向情感连续调节的。重要的是，在所有研究中，对抗都减少了随后的刻板印象。实际上，这些研究表明，当对抗者建立信任时，他们所经历的社会成本就会减少。从理论上讲，这些研究为解释人际动态的对抗研究提供了新的方向。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。