Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel crystalline porous materials assembled from metal ions and organic ligands. The adaptability of their design and the fine-tuning of the pore structures make them stand out in porous materials. Furthermore, by integrating MOF guest functional materials with other hosts, the novel composites have synergistic benefits in numerous fields such as batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis, gas storage and separation, sensors, and drug delivery. This article starts by examining the structural relationship between the host and guest materials, providing a comprehensive overview of the research advancements in various types of MOF-functionalized composites reported to date. The review focuses specifically on four types of spatial structures, including MOFs being (1) embedded in nanopores, (2) immobilized on surface, (3) coated as shells and (4) assembled into hybrids. In addition, specific design ideas for these four MOF-based composites are presented. Some of them involve in situ synthesis method, solvothermal method, etc. The specific properties and applications of these materials are also mentioned. Finally, a brief summary of the advantages of these four types of MOF composites is given. Hopefully, this article will help researchers in the design of MOF composite structures.

金属有机框架（MOF）是由金属离子和有机配体组装而成的新型结晶多孔材料。其设计的适应性和孔结构的微调使其在多孔材料中脱颖而出。此外，通过将MOF客体功能材料与其他主体相结合，新型复合材料在电池、超级电容器、催化、气体存储和分离、传感器和药物输送等众多领域具有协同效益。本文首先研究了主体材料和客体材料之间的结构关系，全面概述了迄今为止报道的各类 MOF 功能化复合材料的研究进展。该综述特别关注四种类型的空间结构，包括 MOF（1）嵌入纳米孔中、（2）固定在表面上、（3）涂覆为壳以及（4）组装成混合体。此外，还介绍了这四种 MOF 基复合材料的具体设计思路。其中一些涉及原位合成法、溶剂热法等。还提到了这些材料的具体性能和应用。最后，对这四类MOF复合材料的优点进行了简要总结。希望本文能够对研究人员设计 MOF 复合结构有所帮助。