Carbon materials have drawn increasing attention as promising electrode materials for capacitive deionization (CDI) on account of their excellent conductivity and high specific surface area. Nevertheless, the practical application of conventional carbon materials has been significantly impacted by the limited desalination capacity and the slow desalination rates. Herein, a series of hierarchical porous nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbons (PNSC-X, X = 2.5, 5, and 7.5) were successfully prepared by combining the salt template method with the dual-heteroatoms co-doping method. Benefiting from the suitable degree of graphitization, the unique hierarchical porous structure (micropores-mesopores-macropores) and the synergistic effect between the nitrogen/sulfur (N/S) dual-dopant, the optimized electrode (PNSC-5) demonstrates an abundance of active sites and rapid reaction kinetics, which are conducive to remarkably improving the CDI performance. In consequence, as a promising electrode material for CDI, the PNSC-5 exhibits excellent desalination performance (39 mg g⁻¹ under 1.2 V), outstanding salt adsorption rate (3.23 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹) and eminent stability. The CDI device with PNSC-5 as electrode shows low energy consumption and high charging efficiency during the cycle test. Furthermore, the corresponding desalination mechanism is systematically expounded by various characterization methods. This work provides a new inspiration for exploiting high-performance carbon materials for efficient electrochemical desalination.

碳材料因其优异的导电性和高比表面积而作为有前途的电容去离子（CDI）电极材料越来越受到关注。然而，传统碳材料的实际应用受到海水淡化能力有限和海水淡化速度缓慢的严重影响。在此，通过盐模板法与双杂原子共掺杂方法相结合，成功制备了一系列分级多孔氮硫共掺杂碳（PNSC-X，X=2.5、5和7.5）。得益于合适的石墨化程度、独特的分级多孔结构（微孔-中孔-大孔）以及氮/硫（N/S）双掺杂剂之间的协同效应，优化的电极（PNSC-5）表现出丰富的活性位点和快速的反应动力学，有利于显着提高CDI性能。因此，作为一种有前途的CDI电极材料，PNSC-5表现出优异的脱盐性能（1.2 V下39 mg g ^-1）、出色的盐吸附率（3.23 mg g ^-1  min ^-1）和卓越的稳定性。以PNSC-5为电极的CDI装置在循环测试中表现出低能耗和高充电效率。此外，通过各种表征方法系统地阐述了相应的海水淡化机理。这项工作为开发高性能碳材料进行高效电化学海水淡化提供了新的灵感。