Zeolites containing Rh single sites stabilized by phosphorous were prepared through a one-pot synthesis method and are shown to have superior activity and selectivity for ethylene hydroformylation at low temperature (50 °C). Catalytic activity is ascribed to confined Rh₂O₃ clusters in the zeolite which evolve under reaction conditions into single Rh³⁺ sites. These Rh³⁺ sites are effectively stabilized in a Rh-(O)-P structure by using tetraethylphosphonium hydroxide as a template, which generates in situ phosphate species after H₂ activation. In contrast to Rh₂O₃, confined Rh⁰ clusters appear less active in propanal production and ultimately transform into Rh(I)(CO)₂ under similar reaction conditions. As a result, we show that it is possible to reduce the temperature of ethylene hydroformylation with a solid catalyst down to 50 °C, with good activity and high selectivity, by controlling the electronic and morphological properties of Rh species and the reaction conditions.

通过一锅合成法制备了含磷稳定的Rh单中心沸石，并显示出在低温（50℃）下乙烯氢甲酰化具有优异的活性和选择性。催化活性归因于沸石中受限的Rh ₂ O _{3簇，其在反应条件下演化成单个Rh} ³⁺位点。通过使用氢氧化四乙基鏻作为模板，这些Rh ^{3+位点有效地稳定在Rh-(O)-P结构中，在H} ₂活化后原位生成磷酸盐物种。与Rh ₂ O ₃相比，受限的Rh ⁰簇在丙醛生产中表现出较低的活性，并最终在相似的反应条件下转化为Rh(I)(CO) ₂。结果表明，通过控制Rh物种的电子和形态性质以及反应条件，可以将固体催化剂乙烯氢甲酰化反应的温度降低至50℃，且具有良好的活性和高选择性。