Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major threat to human health, accounting for 46% of non-communicable disease deaths. Glycolysis is a conserved and rigorous biological process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, and its primary function is to provide the body with the energy and intermediate products needed for life activities. The non-glycolytic actions of enzymes associated with the glycolytic pathway have long been found to be associated with the development of CVD, typically exemplified by metabolic remodeling in heart failure, which is a condition in which the heart exhibits a rapid adaptive response to hypoxic and hypoxic conditions, occurring early in the course of heart failure. It is mainly characterized by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and a rise in the glycolytic pathway, and the rise in glycolysis is considered a hallmark of metabolic remodeling. In addition to this, the glycolytic metabolic pathway is the main source of energy for cardiomyocytes during ischemia–reperfusion. Not only that, the auxiliary pathways of glycolysis, such as the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, and pentose phosphate pathway, are also closely related to CVD. Therefore, targeting glycolysis is very attractive for therapeutic intervention in CVD. However, the relationship between glycolytic pathway and CVD is very complex, and some preclinical studies have confirmed that targeting glycolysis does have a certain degree of efficacy, but its specific role in the development of CVD has yet to be explored. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the glycolytic pathway and its key enzymes (including hexokinase (HK), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), aldolase (Aldolase), phosphoglycerate metatase (PGAM), enolase (ENO) pyruvate kinase (PKM) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) for their role in cardiovascular diseases (e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis) and possible emerging therapeutic targets.

心血管疾病（CVD）是人类健康的主要威胁，占非传染性疾病死亡人数的46%。糖酵解是一个保守而严格的生物过程，将葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸，其主要功能是为机体提供生命活动所需的能量和中间产物。长期以来，人们发现与糖酵解途径相关的酶的非糖酵解作用与心血管疾病的发展有关，典型的例子是心力衰竭中的代谢重塑，在这种情况下，心脏对缺氧和缺氧表现出快速的适应性反应。缺氧情况，发生在心力衰竭的早期。其主要特征是氧化磷酸化的减少和糖酵解途径的增加，而糖酵解的增加被认为是代谢重塑的标志。除此之外，糖酵解代谢途径是缺血再灌注期间心肌细胞的主要能量来源。不仅如此，糖酵解的辅助途径，如多元醇途径、己糖胺途径、磷酸戊糖途径等也与CVD密切相关。因此，靶向糖酵解对于 CVD 的治疗干预非常有吸引力。然而，糖酵解途径与CVD的关系非常复杂，一些临床前研究已经证实靶向糖酵解确实具有一定的疗效，但其在CVD发生发展中的具体作用还有待探索。本文旨在总结目前关于糖酵解途径及其关键酶（包括己糖激酶（HK）、磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（PGI）、磷酸果糖激酶-1（PFK1）、醛缩酶（Aldolase）、磷酸甘油酸转移酶（PGAM）、烯醇酶（ENO））的知识。 ) 丙酮酸激酶 (PKM) 乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)) 在心血管疾病（例如心力衰竭、心肌梗塞、动脉粥样硬化）中的作用以及可能的新兴治疗靶点。