Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have developed rapidly, and generative AI in particular challenges human creativity. Therefore, people's perspectives about this transformative change involving creativity and art must be examined. We investigated attitudes toward using AI in art from the perspective of self-determination theory. We used data from a two-wave survey of Finnish respondents aged 18–80 years (n = 828) to analyze within- and between-person effects using hybrid multilevel regression modelling. We measured positive attitudes toward using AI in (a) the art and culture field in general, (b) music, (c) visual arts, (d) detecting forged art, and (e) creating art. The main independent variables were the basic psychological needs (perceived relatedness, autonomy, and competence) in using new technologies. The results showed that participants were less positive toward using AI in the art and culture field in general compared to many other fields, such as medicine and building and real estate technology. Stronger relatedness had within- and between-person effects on positive attitudes on using AI in the art and culture field in general, as well as in music, visual arts, and creating art. Stronger autonomy had within- and between-person effects on positive attitudes on using AI in detecting forged art and creating art. The results indicate that human needs for relatedness and autonomy are important in attitudes toward using AI in art. Hence, positive personal experiences with the use of new technology are likely to affect how people perceive the introduction of AI to the art field, which has been considered the last human frontier in the technological world.

人工智能（AI）技术发展迅速，尤其是生成式人工智能对人类创造力提出了挑战。因此，必须审视人们对这种涉及创造力和艺术的变革的看法。我们从自我决定理论的角度调查了人们对在艺术中使用人工智能的态度。我们使用来自 18-80 岁芬兰受访者 ( n = 828)的两波调查数据， 利用混合多级回归模型分析人内和人际效应。我们测量了在以下领域使用人工智能的积极态度：(a) 一般艺术和文化领域、(b) 音乐、(c) 视觉艺术、(d) 检测伪造的艺术和 (e) 创作艺术。主要自变量是使用新技术的基本心理需求（感知的关联性、自主性和能力）。结果显示，与医学、建筑和房地产技术等许多其他领域相比，参与者总体上对在艺术和文化领域使用人工智能不太积极。更强的关联性会对人内和人与人之间对在艺术和文化领域以及音乐、视觉艺术和艺术创作领域使用人工智能的积极态度产生影响。更强的自主权会对人内和人与人之间对使用人工智能检测伪造艺术和创作艺术的积极态度产生影响。结果表明，人类对关联性和自主性的需求对于在艺术中使用人工智能的态度很重要。因此，使用新技术的积极个人体验可能会影响人们如何看待将人工智能引入艺术领域，艺术领域被认为是技术世界中人类的最后前沿。