绿肥-玉米轮作系统不同肥料管理方案的农业可持续性适应性评估：对作物产量、土壤生化特性和有机碳组分的影响,Science of the Total Environment

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绿肥-玉米轮作系统不同肥料管理方案的农业可持续性适应性评估：对作物产量、土壤生化特性和有机碳组分的影响
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168170
Peng Li ₁ , Long Jia ₂ , Qianqian Chen ₂ , Huijuan Zhang ₃ , Jianjun Deng ₃ , Jiyu Lu ₃ , Li Xu ₂ , Huixin Li ₂ , Feng Hu ₂ , Jiaguo Jiao ₂

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种植绿肥可以减少土壤利用强度，同时提高双季农田生产力。然而，很少有研究关注不同施肥管理方案下绿肥施用对后继作物产量和土壤有机碳（SOC）过程的影响。通过为期三年的冬青野豌豆-夏玉米种植体系田间试验，评价不同化肥施用绿肥对土壤理化性质、SOC分数、酶活性和玉米产量的影响。比较了紫云英期和玉米期绿肥与化肥（即氮肥、磷肥）不同组合的8个处理。结果表明，与对照相比，掺入绿肥提高了土壤水分、全氮、全磷、基础呼吸、SOC及其不稳定组分以及酶活性，尤其是绿肥施肥处理效果更显着。然而，由于施用绿肥，土壤pH值和容重降低。施用绿肥后玉米产量增产34%~53%，且与土壤碳过程显着正相关（<0.05）。此外，据观察，SOC 及其不稳定部分和总氮是玉米产量的主要驱动因素。变异分配分析表明，土壤生化特性及其与施肥绿肥的相互作用导致了 SOC 分数的变化。此外，结构方程模型表明，两种平衡施肥做法分别通过 SOC 分数和 C 循环相关酶活性的变化对玉米产量和土壤碳过程产生积极影响。此外，化肥用量平衡通过酶活性调节土壤有机碳含量，对土壤碳过程产生积极影响。这些研究结果为绿肥阶段应用最佳施肥管理以提高后续作物产量和土壤质量以及减轻化肥的不利影响提供了重要指导。这项研究对于其他绿肥作物轮作系统也同样具有启发意义。

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Adaptive evaluation for agricultural sustainability of different fertilizer management options for a green manure-maize rotation system: Impacts on crop yield, soil biochemical properties and organic carbon fractions

Green manure planting can reduce the intensity of soil use, while improving farmland productivity in double-cropping systems. However, only few studies have focused on the impacts of green manure application under different fertilization management options on succeeding crop yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) process. A three-year field experiment was conducted with a winter smooth vetch-summer maize cropping system to evaluate the effects of green manure with different chemical fertilizers on soil physiochemical properties, SOC fraction, enzyme activities and maize yield. Total eight treatments were compared including different combinations of green manure and chemical fertilizers (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers) in the smooth vetch phase and maize phase. The results showed that compared to the control, green manure incorporation increased the soil moisture, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, basal respiration, SOC and its labile fractions, and enzyme activities, especially for the treatments of green manure with fertilization. However, the soil pH and bulk density decreased due to green manure application. Maize yield increased 34 %–53 % after green manure application, and was found to be significantly and positively correlated with soil carbon process ( < 0.05). Moreover, SOC and its labile fractions, and total nitrogen were observed as the main drivers of the maize yield. Variation partition analysis demonstrated that soil biochemical properties and their interaction with green manure by fertilization caused variations in SOC fractions. Further, structural equation models indicated that both balanced fertilization practices had positive effects on maize yield and soil carbon process via changes in SOC fractions and C cycling-related enzyme activities, respectively. In addition, the amount balance of chemical fertilizer positively impacted the soil carbon process by regulating SOC fractions through enzyme activities. These findings provide important guidance for applying optimal fertilization management in the green manure phase to improve succeeding crop yield and soil quality as well as to mitigate the adverse impacts of chemical fertilizers. The study will be equally illuminating for other green manure-crop rotation systems.

更新日期：2023-11-03

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