硝化棉的结构和性能：近 200 年的研究,RSC Advances

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硝化棉的结构和性能：近 200 年的研究
RSC Advances ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 , DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05457h
Edmund Morris ₁ , Colin R Pulham ₁ , Carole A Morrison ₁

Affiliation

本综述汇集了近 200 年对硝化纤维结构的零碎研究，概述了复合材料的生产和应用。尽管合成塑料已经问世，但硝化纤维作为一种可塑塑料、高能火箭推进剂和生物分子结合膜，至今仍具有广泛的实际应用。不同纤维素源材料对硝化纤维素的结构和性能的影响尚不完全清楚，因此本综述汇集了对纤维素纳米结构理解的相对最新进展，以强调目前理解上的差距所在。描述了硝化条件对硝化纤维素材料性能的影响，以及与这些合成路线相关的拟议机制和平衡。还回顾了已报道的硝化纤维素的晶体结构，并将已证实的结构特征与尚未证实的结构特征分开。我们还考虑硝化纤维如何与其他化合物相互作用，以帮助解释其复合材料的独特性能。本综述指出了获得有根据的硝化纤维结构模型所需的进一步工作，同时强调了控制和指导其结构以改善其材料性能的机会。

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Structure and properties of nitrocellulose: approaching 200 years of research

This review brings together almost 200 years of fragmented research on the structure of nitrocellulose to give an overview that covers production to application in composite materials. As a mouldable plastic, energetic rocket propellant and biomolecular binding membrane, nitrocellulose still finds widespread practical application today despite the inception of synthetic plastics. The influence of different cellulose source materials affects the structure and properties of nitrocellulose in ways that are not fully understood, and so this review brings together relatively recent developments in the understanding of cellulose nanostructures to highlight where the gaps in understanding now reside. The influence of nitration conditions on the material properties of nitrocellulose is described, together with the proposed mechanisms and equilibria associated with these synthetic routes. The reported crystal structures of nitrocellulose are also reviewed, and the confirmed structural features are separated from those yet to be proven. We also consider how nitrocellulose interacts with other compounds, to help explain the distinct properties of its composite materials. This review points to further work that is required to obtain well founded structural models of nitrocellulose, while highlighting opportunities to control and direct its structure to improve its material properties.

更新日期：2023-11-02

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