Global attention has been focused on organic UV filters due to their ubiquity and potential damage to aquatic environment, yet the effects of their life cycle exposure on fish reproduction remain unknown. In the present study, the influence of 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) exposure on the reproductive endocrine system of zebrafish was examined, from 6 hours post fertilization (hpf) until 150 days, at levels that near-environmentally relevant (0 to 20 μg/L). Our results showed that exposure to PBSA at 20 μg/L caused a slight decrease in the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of female zebrafish in the F0 generation. Furthermore, this exposure had a negatively effect on reproduction, accompanied by delayed oocyte maturation, reduced cumulative egg production and decreased fertilization rate. Additionally, offspring embryos displayed reduced egg diameter at 0.75 hpf, delayed cumulative hatching rate at 60 hpf, and increased deformities rate at 72 hpf, indicating an adverse transgenerational effect. Moreover, PBSA exposure was associated with decreased plasma levels of sex hormones of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), as well as altered the transcriptional profiles of certain genes in the HPG (hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal) and liver axis. Molecular docking (MD) simulations revealed that specific amino acid residues of PBSA interact with zebrafish estrogen receptors, confirming its xenoestrogenic properties. Therefore, exposure to PBSA during its life cycle can disturb fish reproduction through endocrine disruption, thus necessitating strict environmental regulations for the disposal of UV filters to protect ecological and public health.

中文翻译：

---

生命周期暴露于 2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸会扰乱斑马鱼的生殖内分泌系统并诱导跨代不良影响

由于有机紫外线过滤剂的普遍存在和对水生环境的潜在损害，全球的注意力一直集中在有机紫外线过滤剂上，但其生命周期暴露对鱼类繁殖的影响仍然未知。在本研究中，从受精后 6 小时 (hpf) 到 150 天，研究了 2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸 (PBSA) 暴露对斑马鱼生殖内分泌系统的影响，其水平接近环境相关（ 0 至 20 微克/升）。我们的结果表明，暴露于 20 μg/L PBSA 导致 F0 代雌性斑马鱼的性腺体指数 (GSI) 略有下降。此外，这种暴露对生殖产生负面影响，伴随着卵母细胞成熟延迟、累积产卵量减少和受精率下降。此外，子代胚胎在 0.75 hpf 时表现出卵直径减小，在 60 hpf 时累积孵化率延迟，在 72 hpf 时畸形率增加，表明不利的跨代效应。此外，PBSA 暴露与血浆 17β-雌二醇 (E2) 和 11-酮睾酮 (11-KT) 性激素水平降低相关，并改变 HPG（下丘脑-垂体-性腺）中某些基因的转录谱。和肝轴。分子对接 (MD) 模拟显示 PBSA 的特定氨基酸残基与斑马鱼雌激素受体相互作用，证实了其异雌激素特性。因此，在其生命周期中暴露于PBSA会通过内分泌干扰扰乱鱼类的繁殖，因此需要对紫外线过滤器的处置制定严格的环境法规，以保护生态和公共健康。