<br>微型青蛙的心肺系统,Journal of Anatomy

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微型青蛙的心肺系统
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-28 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13965
Andres Santiago Carrasco-Medina _{1,

2} , Raquel Fernanda Salla ₃ , Antonio Sebben ₄ , Hélio Ricardo da Silva ₅ , Flávio Dias Passos ₂ , Luís Felipe Toledo ₁ , Raoni Rebouças _{1,

2}

Affiliation

由于极端的小型化过程，短头龙属的无尾动物是世界上最小的脊椎动物之一。作为这一过程的一个例子，短头龙物种表现出手指缺失、鼓膜和中耳缺失、骨融合以及椎旁板和腮腺斑块的存在。然而，目前还没有研究解决微型化对肺和心脏等内脏器官的影响。因此，本研究旨在调查整体较小的体型是否影响了心肺系统。我们通过解剖研究了四种短头虫总科物种的个体： Brachycephalus rotenbergae 、 B.pitanga 、 Eleutherodactylus johnstonei和Ischnocnema parva 。我们观察到B. rotenbergae和B.pitanga表现出房间隔缩小和颈动脉体缺失。另一方面，尽管 Ischnocnema 是短头龙的姐妹属（两个属都属于短头龙科），但Ischnocnema个体的心脏具有完整的隔膜和颈动脉体；在E. johnstonei （Eleutherodactylidae）中也观察到了这一点。我们观察到， B. rotenbergae和B.pitanga 的皮肤很薄，胚层厚为一到两个细胞，与E. johnstonei和I. parva物种的个体相比，它们的肺部可能表现出较低的血液供应。根据观察到的结构，我们认为短头龙属物种的呼吸主要通过皮肤进行，并且它们的肺部呼吸功能可能下降。

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The cardiorespiratory system of miniature frogs

Anurans of the genus Brachycephalus are among the smallest vertebrates in the world, due to an extreme process of miniaturization. As an example of this process, Brachycephalus species show loss of fingers, loss of the eardrum and middle ear, bone fusions, and the presence of paravertebral plates and parotic plaque. However, no studies addressing the consequences of miniaturization on internal organs, such as the lungs and heart, are currently available. Thus, this study aimed to investigate if overall small body size has affected the cardiorespiratory system. We investigated, via dissections, individuals of four Brachycephaloidea species: Brachycephalus rotenbergae, B. pitanga, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, and Ischnocnema parva. We observed that B. rotenbergae and B. pitanga present a reduction of the atrial septum and absence of the carotid body. On the other hand, despite being a member of the sister genus to Brachycephalus (both genera belong to the Brachycephalidae), individuals of Ischnocnema present a heart with a complete septum and carotid body; this is also observed in E. johnstonei (Eleutherodactylidae). We observed that B. rotenbergae and B. pitanga have thin skin with a one to two cell thick germ layer, and their lungs likely exhibit lower blood supply when compared to individuals of the E. johnstonei and I. parva species. Based on the observed structures, we suggest that in species of Brachycephalus, respiration is performed mainly through the skin, and their lungs may have a reduced respiratory function.

更新日期：2023-10-28

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