Context

Urban forests provide ecosystem services such as temperature regulation, air purification, carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. It is important to perform baseline assessment and regular monitoring of biodiversity, vegetation dynamics and spatial structure of urban forests. Most cities suffer from the lack of a unified monitoring system. The heterogeneity of Moscow territory land use determines different functions and state of urban forests. To what extent are the forests of modern Moscow support natural resource and ecological potential, and what are the risks in maintaining the social and ecological needs of the population in the urban region?

Objectives

Assessment of typological diversity, succession status and spatial structure of Moscow forests in the context of three sectors of different land use.

Methods

This study integrates typological (cenotic), succession and fragmentation approaches on the basis of remote sensing data. Field relevés were used for cenotic classification into forest formations and association groups. Random forest algorithm was used for cartographic modeling. Forest patches assigned with formations and groups of associations were subject of diversity, dynamics and spatial structure of forests analysis.

Results

Current study presents the assessment of the composition and spatial structure of the Moscow forests in the context of three sectors of different anthropogenic pressure and land use. 11 forest formations and 33 association groups were identified. Overall accuracy of cartographic modeling was 59% for association groups, and 67% for formations. Unsatisfactory ability of forests to support social and ecological needs of residents was revealed especially in the central part of the city. The combination of low fragmentation metrics with a high proportion of long-term derivative forest types is critical for the sustainable existence of forest cover within city center. With distance from the center a fairly high typological diversity of forests is noted.

Conclusion

The combination of low fragmentation metrics with a high proportion of long-term derivative forest types is critical for the sustainable existence of the forest cover. Overall, the methodology and results of the work create a basis for regular monitoring of the Moscow forests, as well as in other urban areas.

中文翻译：

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莫斯科城市森林：类型多样性、演替状况和破碎化评估

语境

城市森林提供温度调节、空气净化、碳汇和生物多样性保护等生态系统服务。对城市森林生物多样性、植被动态和空间结构进行基线评估和定期监测具有重要意义。大多数城市缺乏统一的监控系统。莫斯科地域土地利用的异质性决定了城市森林的不同功能和状态。现代莫斯科的森林在多大程度上支持自然资源和生态潜力？维持城市地区人口的社会和生态需求存在哪些风险？

目标

在不同土地利用的三个部门的背景下评估莫斯科森林的类型多样性、演替状况和空间结构。

方法

这项研究在遥感数据的基础上整合了类型学（ceotic）、演替和破碎方法。实地相关数据用于对森林结构和关联群体进行分类。随机森林算法用于制图建模。森林斑块分配有群系和群系，是森林分析的多样性、动态和空间结构的主题。

结果

目前的研究提出了在不同人为压力和土地利用的三个部门的背景下对莫斯科森林的组成和空间结构的评估。确定了 11 个森林群落和 33 个关联群。关联组的制图建模总体准确度为 59%，地层的总体准确度为 67%。森林支持居民社会和生态需求的能力不足，尤其是在城市中心地区。低破碎化指标与高比例的长期衍生森林类型的结合对于市中心森林覆盖的可持续存在至关重要。随着远离中心的距离，森林的类型多样性相当高。

结论

低破碎化指标与高比例的长期衍生森林类型的结合对于森林覆盖的可持续存在至关重要。总体而言，工作的方法和结果为定期监测莫斯科森林以及其他城市地区奠定了基础。