Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) and derivatives are significant in the synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. This is because of electron acceptor properties and distinctive heterostructure(s) and physicochemical characteristics. High-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts are important therefore in conversions for clean energy. Here a critical assessment of advances in use of C₆₀ and derivatives as heterostructures and “electron buffers” in catalysts are reported. Methodologies for preparing C₆₀ composite catalysts are assessed and categorized and microscopic mechanisms for boosting catalytic performance through C₆₀ and derivatives in important catalytic materials including, semiconductors, carbon-based metal-free materials, metal nanoclusters, single atoms, and metal–organic skeletons are established. Important characterizations used with C₆₀ and derivative composites are contrasted and assessed and practical challenges to development are determined. A prospective on future directions and likely outcomes in development of high efficiency electrocatalysts and photocatalysts is provided. It is concluded that C₆₀ and derivatives are advantageous for advanced electrocatalysts and photocatalysts with high structural integrity and boosted electron transport. The findings are expected to be of interest and benefit to researchers and manufacturers for formation of heterostructures and electron buffer areas for significantly boosted catalytic performance.

中文翻译：

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C60 及其衍生物促进电催化和光催化：异质结的电子缓冲剂

巴克明斯特富勒烯（C ₆₀）及其衍生物在高效电催化剂和光催化剂的合成中具有重要意义。这是因为电子受体特性以及独特的异质结构和物理化学特性。因此，高性能电催化剂和光催化剂对于清洁能源的转换非常重要。_{本文报告了对 C 60}及其衍生物作为异质结构和催化剂中“电子缓冲剂”的使用进展的关键评估。对制备 C ₆₀复合催化剂的方法进行了评估和分类，并研究了通过 C ₆₀及其衍生物在重要催化材料（包括半导体、碳基无金属材料、金属纳米团簇、单原子和金属有机骨架）中提高催化性能的微观机制成立。对 C ₆₀及其衍生复合材料使用的重要特性进行了对比和评估，并确定了开发的实际挑战。提供了对高效电催化剂和光催化剂开发的未来方向和可能结果的展望。结论是，C ₆₀及其衍生物对于具有高结构完整性和增强的电子传输的先进电催化剂和光催化剂是有利的。预计这些发现将引起研究人员和制造商的兴趣并有益于异质结构和电子缓冲区的形成，从而显着提高催化性能。