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3D Highly Stretchable Liquid Metal/Elastomer Composites with Strain-Enhanced Conductivity
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202310225 Ruyue Fang 1 , Bin Yao 2 , Tianwu Chen 1 , Xinwei Xu 3 , Dingchuan Xue 1 , Wei Hong 4 , Hong Wang 3 , Qing Wang 2 , Sulin Zhang 1, 2, 5
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202310225 Ruyue Fang 1 , Bin Yao 2 , Tianwu Chen 1 , Xinwei Xu 3 , Dingchuan Xue 1 , Wei Hong 4 , Hong Wang 3 , Qing Wang 2 , Sulin Zhang 1, 2, 5
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Current stretchable conductors, often composed of elastomeric composites infused with rigid conductive fillers, suffer from limited stretchability and durability, and declined conductivity with stretching. These limitations hinder their potential applications as essential components such as interconnects, sensors, and actuators in stretchable electronics and soft machines. In this context, an innovative elastomeric composite that incorporates a 3D network of liquid metal (LM), offering exceptional stretchability, durability, and conductivity, is introduced. The mechanics model elucidates how the interconnected 3DLM architecture imparts softness and stretchability to the composites, allowing them to withstand tensile strains of up to 500% without rupture. The relatively low surface-to-volume ratio of the 3DLM network limits the reforming of the oxide layer during cyclic stretch, thereby contributing to low permanent strain and enhanced durability. Additionally, the 3D architecture facilitates crack blunting and stress delocalization, elevating fracture resistance, while simultaneously establishing continuous conductive pathways that result in high conductivity. Notably, the conductivity of the 3DLM composite increases with strain during substantial stretching, highlighting its strain-enhanced conductivity. In comparison to other LM-based composites featuring 0D LM droplets, the 3DLM composite stands out with superior properties.
中文翻译：
具有应变增强导电性的 3D 高拉伸液态金属/弹性体复合材料
目前的可拉伸导体通常由注入刚性导电填料的弹性体复合材料组成，其拉伸性和耐用性有限，并且导电性随着拉伸而下降。这些限制阻碍了它们作为可拉伸电子设备和软机器中互连件、传感器和执行器等基本组件的潜在应用。在此背景下，推出了一种创新的弹性体复合材料，该复合材料结合了液态金属 (LM) 的 3D 网络，具有卓越的拉伸性、耐用性和导电性。该力学模型阐明了互连的 3DLM 架构如何赋予复合材料柔软性和拉伸性，使其能够承受高达 500% 的拉伸应变而不破裂。3DLM 网络相对较低的表面积与体积比限制了循环拉伸过程中氧化物层的重新形成，从而有助于降低永久应变并增强耐用性。此外，3D 架构有利于裂纹钝化和应力离域，提高抗断裂性，同时建立连续的导电路径，从而实现高导电性。值得注意的是，3DLM 复合材料的电导率在大幅拉伸过程中随着应变而增加，凸显了其应变增强的电导率。与其他具有 0D LM 液滴的 LM 复合材料相比，3DLM 复合材料具有卓越的性能。
更新日期：2023-10-28
中文翻译：
具有应变增强导电性的 3D 高拉伸液态金属/弹性体复合材料
目前的可拉伸导体通常由注入刚性导电填料的弹性体复合材料组成，其拉伸性和耐用性有限，并且导电性随着拉伸而下降。这些限制阻碍了它们作为可拉伸电子设备和软机器中互连件、传感器和执行器等基本组件的潜在应用。在此背景下，推出了一种创新的弹性体复合材料，该复合材料结合了液态金属 (LM) 的 3D 网络，具有卓越的拉伸性、耐用性和导电性。该力学模型阐明了互连的 3DLM 架构如何赋予复合材料柔软性和拉伸性，使其能够承受高达 500% 的拉伸应变而不破裂。3DLM 网络相对较低的表面积与体积比限制了循环拉伸过程中氧化物层的重新形成，从而有助于降低永久应变并增强耐用性。此外，3D 架构有利于裂纹钝化和应力离域，提高抗断裂性，同时建立连续的导电路径，从而实现高导电性。值得注意的是，3DLM 复合材料的电导率在大幅拉伸过程中随着应变而增加，凸显了其应变增强的电导率。与其他具有 0D LM 液滴的 LM 复合材料相比，3DLM 复合材料具有卓越的性能。
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