莫特问题是否扩展到盖革计数器？,Open Physics

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莫特问题是否扩展到盖革计数器？
Open Physics ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 , DOI: 10.1515/phys-2023-0125
Jonathan F. Schonfeld ₁

Affiliation

莫特问题是量子测量问题的一个简单版本，它提出的问题是：是否存在一种微观物理机制——仅基于（显式或隐式）薛定谔方程——可以解释为什么单个 α 粒子在单个球对称 s 波核中发射衰变在云室中产生明显非球对称的单轨？我试图在这里概括一下制定这种机制的早期工作。关键因素是识别通过的带电粒子的电离截面在电离阈值处接近奇异的位置。这种接近奇点的现象源于涉及亚临界蒸汽团簇中分子极化的类似潘宁的过程。在这里，我认为对于盖革计数器也应该提出同样的莫特问题。然后，我定义一个简单的实验，以确定类似于云室情况的电离物理学是否发生在盖革计数器的云母窗口中，并解释了计数器外部球对称的波函数准直到内部的线性离子轨道。该实验测量放射性点源的计数率作为源窗口间隔的函数。我已经对这个实验进行了概念验证；此处报告的结果支持近奇异电离图。这些结果本身就具有重要意义，它们可能揭示整个量子测量问题实例背后的物理机制。我通过斯特恩-格拉赫实验和超导量子位的特定实现来说明这一点。最后，我详细介绍了更严格地充实这些结果所需的进一步工作。

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Does the Mott problem extend to Geiger counters?

The Mott problem is a simpler version of the quantum measurement problem that asks: Is there a microscopic physical mechanism – based (explicitly or implicitly) only on Schroedinger’s equation – that explains why a single alpha particle emitted in a single spherically symmetric s-wave nuclear decay produces a manifestly nonspherically symmetric single track in a cloud chamber? I attempt here to generalize earlier work that formulated such a mechanism. The key ingredient there was identification of sites at which the cross section for ionization by a passing charged particle is near singular at ionization threshold. This near singularity arose from a Penning-like process involving molecular polarization in subcritical vapor clusters. Here, I argue that the same Mott problem question should be asked about Geiger counters. I then define a simple experiment to determine if ionization physics similar to the cloud chamber case takes place in the mica window of a Geiger counter and explains the collimation of wavefunctions that are spherically symmetric outside the counter into linear ion tracks inside. The experiment measures the count rate from a radioactive point source as a function of source-window separation. I have performed a proof of concept of this experiment; results are reported here and support the near-singular-ionization picture. These results are significant in their own right, and they may shed light on physical mechanisms underlying instances of the full quantum measurement problem. I illustrate this for the Stern–Gerlach experiment and a particular realization of superconducting qubits. I conclude by detailing further work required to flesh out these results more rigorously.

更新日期：2023-10-27

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