Large amounts of lead–silver slag and a low recycling rate cause environmental pollution and the waste of metal resources. In this paper, a melting–fuming method is used to treat lead–silver slag. Thermodynamic analysis, the melting–fuming procedure, and response surface optimization were performed to investigate the phase evolution of the antimony element. The influence of reaction temperature, carbon ratio, and holding time on antimony recovery is also investigated. The results show that Sb₂O₃ and Sb₂O₄ are the main phases containing Sb in the dust. With the increase of the reaction temperature and the holding time, the recovery rate of antimony gradually increases and reaches 80.19% and 81.97% at 1250°C and 120 min, respectively; The recovery of antimony first increases and then decreases with the increase of the carbon ratio and reaches the highest value at 16.30%; The recovery rate of antimony reaches 82.54% in the optimal conditions of a reaction temperature of 1290°C, a carbon ratio of 17.60%, and a holding time of 125 min. This paper provides theoretical guidance for the recovery and reuse of antimony from lead–silver slag.

铅银渣大量产生，回收率低，造成环境污染和金属资源浪费。本文采用熔融-烟化法处理铅银渣。通过热力学分析、熔化-发烟过程和响应面优化来研究锑元素的相演化。还研究了反应温度、碳比和保持时间对锑回收率的影响。结果表明，Sb ₂ O ₃和Sb ₂ O ₄是粉尘中含Sb的主要物相。随着反应温度和保温时间的增加，锑的回收率逐渐提高，在1250℃和120 min时分别达到80.19%和81.97%；锑的回收率随着碳比的增加先增加后减少，达到最高值16.30%；在反应温度1290℃、碳比17.60%、保温时间125 min的最佳条件下,锑的回收率达到82.54%。该文为铅银渣中锑的回收和再利用提供了理论指导。