余辉材料设计的最新进展：机制、结构调控策略和应用,Chemical Society Reviews

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余辉材料设计的最新进展：机制、结构调控策略和应用
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 , DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00993e
Xin Yang _{1,

2,

3} , Geoffrey I N Waterhouse ₄ , Siyu Lu ₂ , Jihong Yu _{1,

3}

Affiliation

余辉材料因其独特且长寿命的光学发射特性而受到广泛关注，这在各个领域创造了令人兴奋的机会。最近的研究发现了许多新的余辉材料，这些材料具有高光致发光量子产率（PLQY）和在环境条件下长达几个小时的寿命。余辉材料通常根据其发光机制进行分类，例如长余辉发光（LPL）、室温磷光（RTP）或热激活延迟荧光（TADF）。通过合理的设计和新颖的合成策略来调节自旋轨道耦合（SOC）和填充三线态激子态（T ₁），可以实现具有长寿命和明亮余辉特性的发光体。最初对余辉材料的研究主要集中在纯无机材料，其中许多材料具有金属毒性或低能量排放等固有缺点。近年来，人们开发出了具有高PLQY和长寿命的有机-无机杂化余辉材料（OIHAM）。这些混合材料利用有机分子的可调结构和易于加工，以及涉及重原子掺杂剂的增强型 SOC 和系间窜越 (ISC) 工艺，以实现优异的余辉性能。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要讨论无机和有机-无机杂化余辉材料的结构和组成，包括调节其寿命、PLQY 和发光波长的策略。强调了有机-无机杂化余辉材料的具体优点，包括制造成本低、分子/电子结构多样化、结构和光学性能可调以及与各种基材的兼容性。随后，我们详细讨论了余辉材料的基本机制、分类、设计原理和最终应用（包括传感、防伪和光电器件等）。最后，讨论了现有的挑战和有希望的未来方向，为特定应用的余辉材料的设计奠定了平台。

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Recent advances in the design of afterglow materials: mechanisms, structural regulation strategies and applications

Afterglow materials are attracting widespread attention owing to their distinctive and long-lived optical emission properties which create exciting opportunities in various fields. Recent research has led to the discovery of many new afterglow materials featuring high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and lifetimes of up to several hours under ambient conditions. Afterglow materials are typically categorized according to their luminescence mechanism, such as long-persistent luminescence (LPL), room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Through rational design and novel synthetic strategies to modulate spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and populate triplet exciton states (T₁), luminophores with long lifetimes and bright afterglow characteristics can be realized. Initial research towards afterglow materials focused mainly on pure inorganic materials, many of which possessed inherent disadvantages such as metal toxicity or low energy emissions. In recent years, organic–inorganic hybrid afterglow materials (OIHAMs) have been developed with high PLQY and long lifetimes. These hybrid materials exploit the tunable structure and easy processing of organic molecules, as well as enhanced SOC and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes involving heavy atom dopants, to achieve excellent afterglow performance. In this review, we begin by briefly discussing the structure and composition of inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including strategies for regulating their lifetime, PLQY and luminescence wavelength. The specific advantages of organic–inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including low manufacturing costs, diverse molecular/electronic structures, tunable structures and optical properties, and compatibility with a variety of substrates, are emphasized. Subsequently, we discuss in detail the fundamental mechanisms used by afterglow materials, their classification, design principles, and end applications (including sensing, anticounterfeiting, and photoelectric devices, among others). Finally, existing challenges and promising future directions are discussed, laying a platform for the design of afterglow materials for specific applications.

更新日期：2023-10-26

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