Programmable artificial photosynthetic cell is the ultimate goal for mimicking natural photosynthesis, offering tunable product selectivity via reductase selection toward device integration. However, this concept is limited by the capacity of regenerating the multiple cofactors that hold the key to various reductases. Here, we report the design of artificial photosynthetic cells using biotic–abiotic thylakoid–CdTe as hybrid energy modules. The rational integration of thylakoid with CdTe quantum dots substantially enhances the regeneration of bioactive NADPH, NADH and ATP cofactors without external supplements by promoting proton-coupled electron transfer. Particularly, this approach turns thylakoid highly active for NADH regeneration, providing a more versatile platform for programming artificial photosynthetic cells. Such artificial photosynthetic cells can be programmed by coupling with diverse reductases, such as formate dehydrogenase and remodeled nitrogenase for highly selective production of formate or methane, respectively. This work opens an avenue for customizing artificial photosynthetic cells toward multifarious demands for CO₂ conversion.

可编程人工光合作用细胞是模仿自然光合作用的最终目标，通过还原酶选择向设备集成提供可调的产品选择性。然而，这个概念受到再生多种辅因子的能力的限制，这些辅因子是各种还原酶的关键。在这里，我们报告了使用生物-非生物类囊体-CdTe作为混合能源模块的人工光合细胞的设计。类囊体与 CdTe 量子点的合理整合，通过促进质子耦合电子转移，显着增强了生物活性 NADPH、NADH 和 ATP 辅因子的再生，而无需外部补充。特别是，这种方法使类囊体对于 NADH 再生变得高度活跃，为编程人工光合细胞提供了更通用的平台。这种人工光合细胞可以通过与不同的还原酶偶联来编程，例如甲酸脱氢酶和改造固氮酶，分别用于高度选择性地生产甲酸或甲烷。_{这项工作为定制人工光合细胞以满足 CO 2}转化的多种需求开辟了一条途径。