Culture techniques have associated colonization with pathogenic bacteria in the airways of neonates with later risk of childhood asthma, whereas more recent studies utilizing sequencing techniques have shown the same phenomenon with specific anaerobic taxa. Here, we analyze nasopharyngeal swabs from 1 month neonates in the COPSAC₂₀₀₀ prospective birth cohort by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region in relation to asthma risk throughout childhood. Results are compared with previous culture results from hypopharyngeal aspirates from the same cohort and with hypopharyngeal sequencing data from the later COPSAC₂₀₁₀ cohort. Nasopharyngeal relative abundance values of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are associated with the same species in the hypopharyngeal cultures. A combined pathogen score of these bacteria’s abundance values is associated with persistent wheeze/asthma by age 7. No other taxa are associated. Compared to the hypopharyngeal aspirates from the COPSAC₂₀₁₀ cohort, the anaerobes Veillonella and Prevotella, which have previously been implicated in asthma development, are less commonly detected in the COPSAC₂₀₀₀ nasopharyngeal samples, but correlate with the pathogen score, hinting at latent community structures that bridge current and previous results. These findings have implications for future asthma prevention efforts.

培养技术将新生儿气道中致病菌的定植与日后儿童哮喘的风险联系起来，而最近利用测序技术的研究也显示了特定厌氧菌群的相同现象。在这里，我们通过 V3-V4 区域的 16S rRNA 基因测序与整个儿童期的哮喘风险相关，分析了 COPSAC ₂₀₀₀前瞻性出生队列中 1 个月新生儿的鼻咽拭子。将结果与来自同一队列的下咽抽吸物的先前培养结果以及来自后来的 COPSAC ₂₀₁₀队列的下咽测序数据进行比较。肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌的鼻咽部相对丰度值与下咽培养物中的同一物种相关。这些细菌丰度值的综合病原体评分与 7 岁时的持续性喘息/哮喘相关。没有其他分类群与之相关。与 COPSAC ₂₀₁₀队列的下咽抽吸物相比，以前与哮喘发展有关的厌氧菌韦荣球菌和普雷沃菌在 COPSAC ₂₀₀₀鼻咽样本中较少检测到，但与病原体评分相关，暗示了潜在的群落结构连接当前和以前的结果。这些发现对未来的哮喘预防工作具有重要意义。