In polymer science, thermoresponsiveness refers to macromolecular systems that display a marked and discontinuous change in their physical properties with temperature. Such smart polymers are the focus of increasing attention as they provide new solutions to many applications (e.g., drug delivery, nanotechnology, tissue engineering and biotechnology). This review focuses on amino acid based polymers, mainly synthetic polypeptides that are obtained by ring-opening polymerization. These include polymers based on natural amino acids, synthetic or modified amino acids and N-alkylated glycine derivatives. Based on what is known about the behavior of natural proteins in response to temperature variations, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of thermosensitive polypeptides through a detailed description i) of the structure/thermoresponsiveness relationship, ii) of the mechanisms involved at the molecular level, iii) of their possible applications both in materials science and in biomedical applications.

在高分子科学中，热响应性是指其物理性质随温度发生显着且不连续变化的大分子系统。这种智能聚合物越来越受到人们的关注，因为它们为许多应用（例如药物输送、纳米技术、组织工程和生物技术）提供了新的解决方案。本综述重点关注基于氨基酸的聚合物，主要是通过开环聚合获得的合成多肽。这些包括基于天然氨基酸、合成或改性氨基酸和N-烷基化甘氨酸衍生物的聚合物。基于对天然蛋白质响应温度变化的行为的了解，这篇综述通过详细描述 i) 结构/温度响应性关系，ii) 机制，全面概述了热敏多肽的最新技术涉及分子水平，iii) 它们在材料科学和生物医学应用中的可能应用。