Energy and the environment are two major challenges for our modern civilization and solar energy plays an important role among the renewable energy alternatives due to its availability and eco-friendly nature. One of the prominent routes for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is photo-voltaic technology. The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has emerged as one of the promising technologies among photo-voltaic solar cells due to its eco-friendly nature and cost effectiveness, being fabricated from specific components such as a photoanode, photo-sensitizer dye, electrolyte and counter electrode. Recent developments in various components of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have improved their performance under both solar sunlight (power conversion efficiency (PCE) ∼ 15%) and ambient light conditions (PCE ∼ 34%), with long term operational stability. The photoanode plays a vital role in developing a proficient DSSC and the tailoring of photoanodes is observed as one of the opportunities for world scientific communities to make further improvements in the PCE. For a long time, TiO₂ has played a lead role as a photoanode, owing to its low photo-corrosion and excellent optical as well as electrical properties, among various semiconductor metal oxides such as Nb₂O₅, SnO and ZnO. Hence, the present review is focused on TiO₂ based photoanodes, including zero dimensional (0-D), one dimensional (1-D), two dimensional (2-D) and three dimensional (3-D) nanostructures for DSSCs. The assessment of TiO₂ nanostructure based photoanodes has been comprehended in correlation to different photovoltaic parameters of the developed respective DSSCs with PCE values ranging from 1.01% to 34.5%. The conclusive properties of an efficient photoanode along with the related motivation have been stated and screen printed nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO₂ film based photoanodes are found to be most suitable to design a proficient DSSC.

能源和环境是我们现代文明面临的两大挑战，太阳能因其可用性和环保性而在可再生能源替代方案中发挥着重要作用。将太阳能转化为电能的重要途径之一是光伏技术。染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）由于其环保性和成本效益而成为光伏太阳能电池中最有前途的技术之一，由光阳极、光敏剂染料、电解质和对电极。染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）各种组件的最新发展提高了它们在太阳光（功率转换效率（PCE）∼15%）和环境光条件（PCE∼34%）下的性能，并具有长期运行稳定性。光电阳极在开发熟练的 DSSC 方面发挥着至关重要的作用，光电阳极的定制被认为是世界科学界进一步改进 PCE 的机会之一。长期以来，在Nb ₂ O ₅、SnO和ZnO等各种半导体金属氧化物中，TiO ₂因其低光腐蚀和优异的光学及电学性能而在光阳极中发挥着主导作用。因此，本综述的重点是基于TiO _{2 的}光阳极，包括DSSC的零维(0-D)、一维(1-D)、二维(2-D)和三维(3-D)纳米结构。_{基于TiO 2}纳米结构的光阳极的评估已被理解为与所开发的相应DSSC的不同光伏参数相关，PCE值范围为1.01%至34.5%。高效光电阳极的决定性特性以及相关动机已经被阐述，并且发现基于丝网印刷的纳米晶介孔TiO ₂膜的光电阳极最适合设计高效的DSSC。