The study provides an overview of the research focus on vacuum insulation panels (VIPs). Scientific literature published between 1960 and 2022 is identified, and a database covering 423 documents is amassed. In the first phase, research documents were categorised into three groups: product, other and buildings. In the second phase, data about the studied building applications and research topics were extracted and quantitatively evaluated. In the last phase, the studies evaluating VIPs' environmental and economic implications in buildings were analysed in detail. The study results show an increasing publication trend on VIPs, with almost 90% of the literature published from 2010 onwards. Building applications are the dominant research subject, representing 56% of identified documents. A detailed analysis of life cycle studies pointed to a consensus that in building applications, fumed silica VIPs exert a higher environmental impact and costs than conventional insulation materials if the comparison is based on an equivalent thermal transmittance value. However, several studies showed reasonable payback and environmental neutrality periods for retrofitting scenarios. Benefits could also be achieved if insulation layer thickness is limited. External wall insulation represents the vast majority of the applications analysed. Studies further showed that VIPs in external wall applications could be economically viable compared to conventional insulation if added useable floor space is considered. The characteristics of life cycle studies were analysed, research gaps and possibilities were identified, and research recommendations for environmental and economic studies of VIPs were provided.